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1 strike
strike [straɪk]1. nounb. ( = attack) attaque fc. (Baseball, bowling) strike ma. ( = hit) [+ person, ball] frapperb. ( = knock against) heurter ; [lightning, light] frapperc. [+ oil, gold] découvrird. [+ coin, medal] frapper ; [+ match] frottere. [clock] sonnerf. ( = delete) rayer• it strikes me that... il me semble que...• how did he strike you? quelle impression vous a-t-il fait ?• to be struck by sth ( = impressed) être frappé(e) par qchb. [clock] sonner4. compounds[committee, fund] de grèvea. abattre ; [disease] terrasser( = change direction)( = delete) (from list) rayer• to be struck off [doctor] être radiéa. ( = hit out) se débattreb. ( = set off) to strike out for the shore [swimmer] se mettre à nager vers le rivage( = delete) rayer[band] commencer à jouer[+ conversation] engager* * *[straɪk] 1.1) Industry, Commerce grève f2) ( attack) attaque f (on, against contre)3) ( in mining) découverte f (d'un gisement)2. 3.lucky strike — fig coup m de chance
transitive verb (prét, pp struck)1) ( hit) gen frapper; heurter [rock, tree, pedestrian]to strike somebody a blow — lit, fig porter un coup à quelqu'un
to strike somebody dead — [lightning] foudroyer quelqu'un
2) ( afflict) frapper [area, people]‘earthquake strikes San Francisco’ — ( headline) ‘San Francisco secoué par un tremblement de terre’
to strike terror into somebody ou somebody's heart — frapper quelqu'un de terreur
3) ( make impression on) [idea, thought] venir à l'esprit de; [resemblance] frapperit strikes me as funny that — je trouve drôle que (+ subj)
I was struck (colloq) with him — il m'a plu
4) (colloq) ( discover) tomber sur (colloq)5) ( achieve) conclure [bargain]6) ( ignite) frotter [match]7) [clock] sonner8) ( delete) supprimer9) ( dismantle) démonter [tent]10) Finance frapper [coin]4.intransitive verb (prét, pp struck)1) ( deliver blow) [person] frapper; [bomb] tomber2) ( attack) [killer, disease, storm] frapper; [army, animal] attaquerHenry strikes again! — (colloq) hum Henry nous en a fait encore une (colloq)
3) Industry, Commerce faire (la) grèveto strike for/against — faire (la) grève pour obtenir/pour protester contre
4) [match] s'allumer5) [clock] sonner6) ( proceed)to strike across — prendre à travers [field, country]
•Phrasal Verbs: -
2 strike
A n2 gen, Mil ( attack) attaque f (on, against contre) ; air/pre-emptive strike attaque aérienne/préventive ;3 Mining ( discovery) découverte f (d'un gisement) ; to make a strike trouver or découvrir un gisement ; diamond strike découverte d'un gisement de diamants ; lucky strike fig coup m de chance ;4 ( clock mechanism) sonnerie f ;6 Fishg touche f.1 ( hit) [person, stick, bat] frapper [person, object, ball] ; [torpedo, missile] frapper, toucher [target, vessel] ; [ship, car, person] heurter [rock, tree, pedestrian] ; to strike sb on the head/in the face [person] frapper qn à la tête/au visage ; [object] heurter qn à la tête/au visage ; to strike sth with taper qch avec [stick, hammer] ; she struck the table with her fist ( deliberately) elle a frappé du poing sur la table ; he struck his head on the table il s'est cogné la tête contre la table ; his head struck the table sa tête a heurté la table ; lightning struck the house/struck him la foudre est tombée sur la maison/l'a frappé ; to be struck by lightning [tree, house, person] être touché par la foudre ; to strike sb to the ground ( with fist) faire tomber qn d'un coup de poing ; ( with stick) faire tomber qn d'un coup de bâton ; to strike sb a blow lit, fig porter un coup à qn ; to strike the first blow lit, fig porter le premier coup ; to strike sb dead [lightning, God] foudroyer qn ; [person] porter un coup mortel à qn ; to be struck blind/dumb litér être frappé de cécité/de mutisme ; to be struck dumb with amazement être frappé d'étonnement ;2 ( afflict) [quake, famine, disease, storm, disaster] frapper [area, people] ; ‘earthquake strikes San Francisco’ journ ‘San Francisco secoué par un tremblement de terre’ ; the pain strikes when I bend down je ressens cette douleur lorsque je me baisse ; to strike terror into sb ou sb's heart frapper qn de terreur ;3 ( make impression on) [idea, thought] venir à l'esprit de [person] ; [resemblance] frapper [person] ; to be struck by être frappé par ; an awful thought struck me une horrible pensée m'est venue à l'esprit ; a terrible sight struck my eyes un horrible spectacle s'est présenté à mes yeux ; it strikes me as funny/stupid that je trouve drôle/bête que (+ subj) ; it strikes me as mean of them to do je trouve que c'est méchant de leur part de faire ; to strike sb as odd/absurd paraître or sembler étrange/absurde à qn ; he strikes me as an intelligent man il me paraît intelligent ; it strikes me as a good idea to do cela me paraît or me semble une bonne idée de faire ; did anything strike you as odd? as-tu remarqué quelque chose de bizarre? ; how does the idea strike you? qu'est-ce que vous pensez de cette idée? ; how did he strike you? quelle impression vous a-t-il faite? ; it strikes me (that) à mon avis ; it struck him that here was the opportunity il s'est dit soudain que c'était l'occasion ; I was struck ○ with him/it il/ça m'a plu ; she wasn't very struck ○ with it ça ne lui a pas beaucoup plu ; to be struck on ○ GB être entiché ○ de ;4 (discover, come upon) découvrir, tomber sur ○ [oil, gold] ; trouver, tomber sur ○ [road] ; rencontrer, tomber sur ○ [rock, concrete, obstacle] ; to strike a rich vein of humour trouver une riche source d'humour ;5 ( achieve) conclure [accord, bargain] ; to strike a balance trouver le juste milieu (between entre) ;6 ( ignite) frotter [match] ; to strike a spark from a flint produire une étincelle en frottant un silex ;7 [clock] sonner [time] ; the clock struck six la pendule a sonné six heures ; it had just struck two deux heures venaient de sonner ;8 ( delete) supprimer, rayer [word, sentence, comment] ; to order sth to be struck from the record ordonner que qch soit supprimé or rayé du procès-verbal ;9 ( dismantle) démonter [tent, scaffolding] ; to strike camp lever le camp ; to strike one's colours Mil abaisser les couleurs ; to strike the set Theat démonter le décor ;1 ( deliver blow) [person] frapper ; ( collide) [bomb, shell] tomber ; to strike short of the target tomber à côté de la cible ; my head struck against a beam ma tête a heurté une poutre, je me suis cogné la tête contre une poutre ; to strike at attaquer ;2 ( attack) [killer, rapist, disease, storm] frapper ; [army, animal, snake] attaquer ; the terrorists have struck again les terroristes ont encore frappé ; disaster struck la catastrophe s'est produite ; ‘when pain strikes, take Calmaways’ ‘en cas de douleur, prenez des Calmaways’ ; to strike at attaquer [target] ; this strikes at the heart of the democratic system cela frappe au cœur du système démocratique ; to strike at the root of the problem s'attaquer à la racine du problème ; Henry strikes again ○ ! hum Henry nous en a fait encore une ○ ;3 Ind, Comm faire (la) grève ; to strike for/against faire (la) grève pour obtenir/pour protester contre ;4 [match] s'allumer ;5 [clock, time] sonner ; six o'clock struck six heures ont sonné ;6 ( proceed) to strike north/inland prendre au nord/vers l'intérieur des terres ; to strike across prendre à travers [field, country] ;7 Hort [cutting, plant] prendre (racine) ;8 Fishg [fish] mordre.to have two strikes against one US être désavantagé.■ strike back ( retaliate) riposter (at à).■ strike down:▶ strike [sb] down, strike down [sb] [person] faire tomber, terrasser ; to be struck down by ( affected) être frappé par [illness] ; ( incapacitated) être terrassé par [illness] ; être abattu de [bullet].■ strike off:▶ strike off ( go off) prendre (across à travers ; towards vers) ;▶ strike [sth] off, strike off [sth]1 ( delete) rayer [item on list, name] ;2 Print tirer [copy] ;▶ strike [sb/sth] off rayer [qn/qch] de [list] ; to be struck off the roll [doctor] être radié de l'ordre des médecins ; [barrister] être rayé du barreau.■ strike out:1 ( hit out) frapper ; he struck out blindly il a frappé à l'aveuglette ; to strike out at lit attaquer [adversary] ; fig s'en prendre à [critics, rival] ;2 ( proceed) to strike out towards s'élancer vers ; fig to strike out in new directions adopter de nouvelles orientations ; to strike out on one's own gen voler de ses propres ailes ; ( in business) s'établir à son compte ;3 US ( in baseball) être éliminé ;4 ○ US ( fail) ne pas parvenir à ses fins ;■ strike up:▶ strike up [band, orchestra] commencer à jouer ; [singer, choir] commencer à chanter ; the band struck up with a waltz l'orchestre a attaqué une valse ;▶ strike up [sth] ( start) [band, orchestra] attaquer [tune, piece] ; [singer, choir] entamer [song, tune] ; to strike up an acquaintance with faire connaissance avec ; to strike up a conversation with engager la conversation avec ; to strike up a friendship with se lier d'amitié avec ; they struck up a friendship ils sont devenus amis ; to strike up a relationship with établir des rapports avec. -
3 strike
I 1. [straɪk]1) sciopero m.to be on strike — essere in o fare sciopero
to come out on strike — entrare o mettersi in sciopero
3) min. (discovery) scoperta f. (di un giacimento)2.lucky strike — fig. colpo di fortuna
modificatore [committee, notice] di sciopero; [ leader] degli scioperantiII 1. [straɪk]1) (hit) [person, stick] colpire [person, object, ball]; [ missile] colpire, centrare [ target]; [ship, car] colpire, urtare [rock, tree]to strike sth. with — battere qcs. con [stick, hammer]
to be struck by lightning — [tree, person] essere colpito da un fulmine
to strike sb. a blow — dare un colpo a qcn.
to strike sb. dead — [ lightning] fulminare qcn.
2) (afflict) [disease, storm, disaster] abbattersi su, colpire [area, people]to strike terror into sb. o sb.'s heart — terrorizzare qcn
3) (make impression on) [idea, thought] venire in mente a; [ resemblance] colpireto strike sb. as odd — sembrare o parere strano a qcn.
how does the idea strike you? — che cosa ne pensi o te ne pare di questa idea?
I was struck with him — colloq. mi ha colpito
4) (discover) scoprire, trovare [ gold]; finire su, trovare [ road]8) (delete) cancellare [word, sentence]9) (dismantle) smontare [ tent]2.to strike camp — levare il campo, togliere le tende
1) (deliver blow) colpireHenry strikes again! — colloq. scherz. Henry colpisce o ha colpito ancora!
3) [ worker] scioperare, fare sciopero4) [ match] accendersi5) [ clock] battere, suonare6) (proceed)to strike across — prendere per [ field]; attraversare [ country]
•* * *1. past tense - struck; verb1) (to hit, knock or give a blow to: He struck me in the face with his fist; Why did you strike him?; The stone struck me a blow on the side of the head; His head struck the table as he fell; The tower of the church was struck by lightning.) battere, colpire2) (to attack: The enemy troops struck at dawn; We must prevent the disease striking again.) attaccare3) (to produce (sparks or a flame) by rubbing: He struck a match/light; He struck sparks from the stone with his knife.) accendere, far sprizzare4) ((of workers) to stop work as a protest, or in order to force employers to give better pay: The men decided to strike for higher wages.) scioperare5) (to discover or find: After months of prospecting they finally struck gold/oil; If we walk in this direction we may strike the right path.) trovare6) (to (make something) sound: He struck a note on the piano/violin; The clock struck twelve.) suonare7) (to impress, or give a particular impression to (a person): I was struck by the resemblance between the two men; How does the plan strike you?; It / The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.) colpire, impressionare8) (to mint or manufacture (a coin, medal etc).) coniare9) (to go in a certain direction: He left the path and struck (off) across the fields.) prendere, tagliare10) (to lower or take down (tents, flags etc).) abbassare; levare2. noun1) (an act of striking: a miners' strike.) sciopero2) (a discovery of oil, gold etc: He made a lucky strike.) scoperta•- striker- striking
- strikingly
- be out on strike
- be on strike
- call a strike
- come out on strike
- come
- be within striking distance of
- strike at
- strike an attitude/pose
- strike a balance
- strike a bargain/agreement
- strike a blow for
- strike down
- strike dumb
- strike fear/terror into
- strike home
- strike it rich
- strike lucky
- strike out
- strike up* * *strike /straɪk/n.1 (econ.) sciopero: to be on strike, essere in sciopero; to go on strike, scendere in sciopero; scioperare; to call a strike, proclamare uno sciopero; general strike, sciopero generale; dock strike, sciopero dei portuali; strike to the last, sciopero a oltranza; a wave of strikes, un'ondata di scioperi; unofficial strike, sciopero non dichiarato (o spontaneo)3 (ind. min.) scoperta di un giacimento ( minerario); (fig.) colpo di fortuna, buon colpo ( anche in Borsa, ecc.)4 (mil.) attacco; (spec.) attacco aereo, incursione6 ( baseball) ‘strike’: Three strikes put the batter out, dopo tre strike il battitore viene eliminato8 ( calcio) tiro a rete (o in porta); botta, staffilata, stangata, zampata, mazzata (fig.); gol di prepotenza13 ( pesca) strappo ( dato dal pescatore alla lenza): I just got a strike, ho dato soltanto uno strappo ( ma il pesce non ha abboccato)● (mil.) strike aircraft, aereo da combattimento □ all-out strike, sciopero totale □ strike ban, proibizione di scioperare; precettazione □ strike benefit = strike pay ► sotto □ strike call, proclamazione d'uno sciopero □ strike epidemics, conflittualità permanente □ (geol.) strike fault, faglia longitudinale □ strike force, (mil.) forza d'urto; ( calcio, ecc.) capacità di percussione, potenza d'attacco □ strike pay, sussidio ( pagato dai sindacati) durante uno sciopero □ (geol.) strike-slip fault, faglia trascorrente □ (fam. USA, dal baseball) to have two strikes against one, avere due punti a sfavore (o due handicap); ( anche) avere già subìto due gravi condanne: I have two strikes against me for getting the job: I don't have much experience and I haven't finished school, vorrei ottenere questo lavoro ma ho due punti a sfavore, la poca esperienza e la mancanza di un diploma; (polit., leg. USA) Three strikes and you're out, alla terza condanna, ti becchi l'ergastolo NOTE DI CULTURA: three strikes: in alcuni Stati americani alla terza condanna per reati commessi con la violenza è obbligatorio l'ergastolo. Il nome popolare di queste leggi, three strikes and you're out oppure la three-strikes law, è ripreso dal baseball, nel quale alla terza palla sbagliata ( strike) il battitore viene eliminato.♦ (to) strike /straɪk/A v. t.1 battere; colpire; percuotere; picchiare; (fig.) impressionare: to strike a nail with the hammer, battere un chiodo col martello; He struck his fist on the desk, batté il pugno sulla scrivania; The tree was struck by lightning, l'albero è stato colpito dal fulmine; What struck me was her generosity, ciò che mi colpì (o mi fece impressione) fu la sua generosità3 sbattere; urtare: to strike one's foot against a stone, sbattere un piede contro un sasso; inciampare in un sasso; I struck my elbow against the table, urtai la tavola col gomito4 battere, suonare ( le ore): The tower clock was striking midnight, l'orologio della torre batteva la mezzanotte5 coniare; stampare; (fin.) battere: to strike a new coin [a medal], coniare una moneta nuova [una medaglia]; The Royal Mint strikes coins, la Zecca Reale batte moneta6 accendere; strofinare; far sprizzare ( battendo o strofinando): to strike a match, accendere (strofinare) un fiammifero; to strike a light, accendere una luce; far luce ( con una candela, lampada, ecc.); to strike fire out of flint, accendere il fuoco battendo sulla pietra focaia7 arrivare a; raggiungere: I struck the highway late in the morning, nel tardo mattino arrivai alla strada maestra8 (spec. ind. min.) scoprire; trovare: to strike a coal seam, scoprire uno strato di carbone; to strike gold [water], trovare l'oro [l'acqua]9 (mil., naut.) abbassare; ammainare: to strike one's flag, ammainare la bandiera; (fig.) arrendersi; to strike sails, ammainare le vele11 investire; urtare contro; (naut.) urtare ( uno scoglio, ecc.) con la chiglia: The car struck a lamppost, l'automobile ha urtato contro un lampione; The landing plane struck the tree-tops, l'aereo in atterraggio ha urtato contro le cime degli alberi12 configgere; conficcare; infiggere; piantare13 venire in mente, passare per la testa a (q.): A doubt struck me, mi è venuto un dubbio; Suddenly it struck me that he had left no message for me, all'improvviso mi venne fatto di pensare che non aveva lasciato alcun messaggio per me14 fare una certa impressione a (q.); sembrare, parere a (q.) (impers.): Her plan struck me as extremely complicated, il suo piano mi parve assai complicato; How does that strike you?, che impressione ti fa?; che ne pensi?; How does the idea strike you?, che te ne pare dell'idea?B v. i.1 assestar colpi; menar botte3 batter le ore; suonare: The clock is striking, l'orologio batte l'ora; Four o'clock had just struck, erano appena suonate le quattro4 colpire; cozzare; urtare; sbattere contro: The ball struck against the wall [the goalpost], la palla ha colpito il muro [il palo della porta]5 ( di fiammiferi e sim.) accendersi; prendere fuoco: This match won't strike, questo fiammifero non si accende6 (econ.) scioperare: The railwaymen have been striking for two weeks, i ferrovieri scioperano da due settimane; to strike for higher wages, scioperare per ottenere un aumento di salario7 filtrare; infiltrarsi; penetrare; inoltrarsi: We struck into the forests of the interior, ci siamo inoltrati nei boschi dell'interno8 prendere ( una direzione); dirigersi, volgere i passi; voltare; uscire: to strike for the borderline, dirigersi verso il confine; Go straight on and then strike to the right, va' dritto e poi volta a destra!11 (naut.) andare in secco; incagliarsi13 ( canottaggio) fare ( un certo numero di battute) al minuto: Oxford were striking 38, l'armo di Oxford stava facendo 38 battute al minuto14 (geol.) essere orientato verso● to strike an attitude, assumere un atteggiamento □ to strike an average, fare una media □ (rag.) to strike a balance, (rag.) fare il bilancio, far quadrare i conti; (fig.) raggiungere un accordo, fare un compromesso □ to strike a bargain, concludere un affare; fare un buon affare □ to strike sb. blind, accecare q. ( con un colpo o fig.) □ to strike blows, assestare (o portare) colpi □ (fig.) to strike ( a blow) for freedom, combattere (una battaglia) per la libertà; battersi per la libertà □ (naut.) to strike the bottom, arenarsi; incagliarsi □ (mil., ecc.) to strike camp, levare il campo □ (agric.) to strike a cutting, piantare una talea □ to strike sb. dead, fulminare q.; fare schiattare q. □ to strike sb. deaf, assordare q. ( con un colpo o di colpo) □ to strike a deal, concludere (o fare) un affare; raggiungere un accordo; fare un patto (o un compromesso) □ ( boxe e fig.) to strike the decisive blow, assestare il colpo decisivo □ to strike sb. for his (o her) autograph, chiedere un autografo a q. □ ( di un atleta, ecc.) to strike form, entrare in piena forma □ to strike st. from sb. 's hand, far saltar qc. di mano a q. (con un sol colpo); strappare qc. a q. □ (fig.) to strike it rich, arricchire di colpo; trovare l'America (fig.) □ (fam. ingl.) to strike it lucky, avere un colpo di fortuna □ (leg.) to strike a jury, formare una giuria ( cancellando nomi, ecc.) □ (fig.) to strike a note of caution, far squillare il campanello d'allarme □ to strike oil, trovare il petrolio; (fig.) arricchire di colpo, trovare l'America □ to strike a pose, assumere una posa □ ( anche fig.) to strike the right track, trovare la pista buona (o la strada giusta) □ (bot. e fig.) to strike root(s), attecchire; metter radici □ (naut.) to strike soundings, fare degli scandagli □ (mus.) to strike a tone, far vibrare una nota □ (fig.) to strike a warning note, far squillare il campanello d'allarme □ ( pesca) to strike a whale, colpire (o arpionare) una balena □ ( calcio, ecc.) to strike the woodwork, colpire il legno ( della porta); colpire un palo (o la traversa) □ (fam.) to be struck all of a heap, rimanere sbigottito; restar di sale □ to be struck dumb, ammutolire; restare senza parola □ (fam.) to be struck on sb., essere (innamorato) cotto di q. □ (fig.) to be struck with, esser colpito da; ricevere una forte impressione da □ to be struck with dizziness, avere un improvviso capogiro □ The wind struck cold, tirava un vento freddo e tagliente □ ( anche fig.) The hour has struck, l'ora è suonata □ ( slang) Strike me dead!, peste mi colga; mi venga un accidente! possa morire ( se non è vero, ecc.) □ (prov.) Strike while the iron is hot, bisogna battere il ferro finché è caldo.* * *I 1. [straɪk]1) sciopero m.to be on strike — essere in o fare sciopero
to come out on strike — entrare o mettersi in sciopero
3) min. (discovery) scoperta f. (di un giacimento)2.lucky strike — fig. colpo di fortuna
modificatore [committee, notice] di sciopero; [ leader] degli scioperantiII 1. [straɪk]1) (hit) [person, stick] colpire [person, object, ball]; [ missile] colpire, centrare [ target]; [ship, car] colpire, urtare [rock, tree]to strike sth. with — battere qcs. con [stick, hammer]
to be struck by lightning — [tree, person] essere colpito da un fulmine
to strike sb. a blow — dare un colpo a qcn.
to strike sb. dead — [ lightning] fulminare qcn.
2) (afflict) [disease, storm, disaster] abbattersi su, colpire [area, people]to strike terror into sb. o sb.'s heart — terrorizzare qcn
3) (make impression on) [idea, thought] venire in mente a; [ resemblance] colpireto strike sb. as odd — sembrare o parere strano a qcn.
how does the idea strike you? — che cosa ne pensi o te ne pare di questa idea?
I was struck with him — colloq. mi ha colpito
4) (discover) scoprire, trovare [ gold]; finire su, trovare [ road]8) (delete) cancellare [word, sentence]9) (dismantle) smontare [ tent]2.to strike camp — levare il campo, togliere le tende
1) (deliver blow) colpireHenry strikes again! — colloq. scherz. Henry colpisce o ha colpito ancora!
3) [ worker] scioperare, fare sciopero4) [ match] accendersi5) [ clock] battere, suonare6) (proceed)to strike across — prendere per [ field]; attraversare [ country]
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4 strike
strike [straɪk]grève ⇒ 1 (a) raid ⇒ 1 (b) attaque ⇒ 1 (b) escadre ⇒ 1 (c) découverte ⇒ 1 (d) sonnerie ⇒ 1 (e) frapper ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c)-(e), 3 (n), 4 (a) toucher ⇒ 3 (a) atteindre ⇒ 3 (a) heurter ⇒ 3 (b) sonner ⇒ 3 (f), 4 (d) jouer ⇒ 3 (g) conclure ⇒ 3 (h) rendre ⇒ 3 (j) découvrir ⇒ 3 (l) attaquer ⇒ 3 (q), 4 (b) faire grève ⇒ 4 (c)1 noun∎ to go on strike se mettre en ou faire grève;∎ to be (out) on strike être en grève;∎ to threaten strike action menacer de faire ou de se mettre en grève;∎ the Italian air strike la grève des transports aériens en Italie;∎ railway strike grève f des chemins de fer;∎ teachers' strike grève f des enseignants;∎ coal or miners' strike grève f des mineurs;∎ postal or post office strike grève f des postes;∎ rent strike grève f des loyers∎ to carry out air strikes against or on enemy bases lancer des raids aériens contre des bases ennemies;∎ retaliatory strike raid m de représailles; (nuclear) deuxième frappe f∎ a gold strike la découverte d'un gisement d'or;∎ the recent oil strikes in the North Sea la découverte récente de gisements de pétrole en mer du Nord;∎ it was a lucky strike c'était un coup de chance(e) (of clock → chime, mechanism) sonnerie f;∎ life was regulated by the strike of the church clock la vie était rythmée par la cloche de l'église∎ the strike of iron on iron le bruit du fer qui frappe le fer;∎ he adjusted the strike of the keys on the platen roll il a réglé la frappe des caractères contre le cylindre∎ figurative he has two strikes against him il est mal parti;∎ figurative being too young was another strike against her le fait d'être trop jeune constituait un handicap supplémentaire pour elle(h) (in bowling) honneur m double;∎ to get or to score a strike réussir un honneur double∎ at the strike of day à la pointe ou au point du jour(a) (committee, movement) de grève∎ she raised her hand to strike him elle leva la main pour le frapper;∎ he struck me with his fist il m'a donné un coup de poing;∎ the chairman struck the table with his gavel le président donna un coup de marteau sur la table;∎ she took the vase and struck him on or over the head elle saisit le vase et lui donna un coup sur la tête;∎ she struck him across the face elle lui a donné une gifle;∎ a light breeze struck the sails une légère brise gonfla les voiles;∎ the phenomenon occurs when warm air strikes cold ce phénomène se produit lorsque de l'air chaud entre en contact avec de l'air froid;∎ a wave struck the side of the boat une vague a heurté le côté du bateau;∎ the arrow struck the target la flèche a atteint la cible;∎ a hail of bullets struck the car la voiture a été mitraillée;∎ he was struck by a piece of shrapnel il a été touché par ou il a reçu un éclat de grenade;∎ to be struck by lightning être frappé par la foudre, être foudroyé;∎ he went for them striking blows left and right il s'est jeté sur eux, distribuant les coups de tous côtés;∎ who struck the first blow? qui a porté le premier coup?, qui a frappé le premier?;∎ he struck the tree a mighty blow with the axe il a donné un grand coup de hache dans l'arbre;∎ the trailer struck the post a glancing blow la remorque a percuté le poteau en passant;∎ figurative to strike a blow for democracy/women's rights (law, event) faire progresser la démocratie/les droits de la femme; (person, group) marquer des points en faveur de la démocratie/des droits des femmes(b) (bump into, collide with) heurter, cogner;∎ his foot struck the bar on his first jump son pied a heurté la barre lors de son premier saut;∎ she fell and struck her head on or against the kerb elle s'est cogné la tête contre le bord du trottoir en tombant;∎ the Volvo struck the bus head on la Volvo a heurté le bus de plein fouet;∎ Nautical we've struck ground! nous avons touché (le fond)!(c) (afflict → of drought, disease, worry, regret) frapper; (→ of storm, hurricane, disaster, wave of violence) s'abattre sur, frapper;∎ an earthquake struck the city un tremblement de terre a frappé la ville;∎ he was struck by a heart attack il a eu une crise cardiaque;∎ the pain struck her as she tried to get up la douleur l'a saisie au moment où elle essayait de se lever;∎ I was struck by or with doubts j'ai été pris de doute, le doute s'est emparé de moi(d) (occur to) frapper;∎ only later did it strike me as unusual ce n'est que plus tard que j'ai trouvé ça ou que cela m'a paru bizarre;∎ it suddenly struck him how little had changed il a soudain pris conscience du fait que peu de choses avaient changé;∎ did it never strike you that you weren't wanted there? ne vous est-il jamais venu à l'esprit que vous étiez de trop?;∎ a terrible thought struck her une idée affreuse lui vint à l'esprit;∎ it strikes me as useless/as the perfect gift ça me semble ou paraît inutile/être le cadeau idéal;∎ he strikes me as (being) sincere il me paraît sincère;∎ it doesn't strike me as being the best course of action il ne me semble pas que ce soit la meilleure voie à suivre∎ the first thing that struck me was his pallor la première chose qui m'a frappé, c'était sa pâleur;∎ what strikes you is the silence ce qui (vous) frappe, c'est le silence;∎ how did she strike you? quelle impression vous a-t-elle faite?, quel effet vous a-t-elle fait?;∎ how did Tokyo/the film strike you? comment avez-vous trouvé Tokyo/le film?;∎ we can eat here and meet them later, how does that strike you? on peut manger ici et les retrouver plus tard, qu'en penses-tu?;∎ I wasn't very struck British with or American by his colleague son collègue ne m'a pas fait une grande impression∎ the church clock struck five l'horloge de l'église a sonné cinq heures;∎ it was striking midnight as we left minuit sonnait quand nous partîmes(g) (play → note, chord) jouer;∎ she struck a few notes on the piano elle a joué quelques notes sur le piano;∎ when he struck the opening chords the audience applauded quand il a joué ou plaqué les premiers accords le public a applaudi;∎ his presence/his words struck a gloomy note sa présence a/ses paroles ont mis une note de tristesse;∎ the report strikes an optimistic note/a note of warning for the future le rapport est très optimiste/très alarmant pour l'avenir;∎ does it strike a chord? est-ce que cela te rappelle ou dit quelque chose?;∎ to strike a chord with the audience faire vibrer la foule;∎ her description of company life will strike a chord with many managers beaucoup de cadres se reconnaîtront dans sa description de la vie en entreprise(h) (arrive at, reach → deal, treaty, agreement) conclure;∎ to strike a bargain conclure un marché;∎ I'll strike a bargain with you je te propose un marché;∎ it's not easy to strike a balance between too much and too little freedom il n'est pas facile de trouver un équilibre ou de trouver le juste milieu entre trop et pas assez de liberté∎ to strike fear or terror into sb remplir qn d'effroi(j) (cause to become) rendre;∎ to strike sb blind/dumb rendre qn aveugle/muet;∎ the news struck us speechless with horror nous sommes restés muets d'horreur en apprenant la nouvelle;∎ I was struck dumb by the sheer cheek of the man! je suis resté muet devant le culot de cet homme!;∎ a stray bullet struck him dead il a été tué par une balle perdue;∎ she was struck dead by a heart attack elle a été foudroyée par une crise cardiaque;∎ God strike me dead if I lie! je jure que c'est la vérité!∎ he struck a match or a light il a frotté une allumette;∎ British familiar old-fashioned strike a light! nom de Dieu!∎ familiar British to strike it lucky, American to strike it rich (make material gain) trouver le filon; (be lucky) avoir de la veine(m) (adopt → attitude) adopter;∎ he struck an attitude of wounded righteousness il a pris un air de dignité offensée(n) (mint → coin, medal) frapper∎ to strike camp lever le camp;∎ Nautical to strike the flag or the colours amener les couleurs;∎ Theatre to strike the set démonter le décor∎ that remark must be struck or American stricken from the record cette remarque doit être retirée du procès-verbal∎ the union is striking four of the company's plants le syndicat a déclenché des grèves dans quatre des usines de la société;∎ students are striking their classes les étudiants font la grève des cours;∎ the dockers are striking ships carrying industrial waste les dockers refusent de s'occuper des cargos chargés de déchets industriels∎ to strike roots prendre racine;∎ the tree had struck deep roots into the ground l'arbre avait des racines très profondes∎ she struck at me with her umbrella elle essaya de me frapper avec son parapluie;∎ familiar to strike lucky avoir de la veine;∎ proverb strike while the iron is hot il faut battre le fer pendant qu'il est chaud(b) (attack → gen) attaquer; (→ snake) mordre; (→ wild animal) sauter ou bondir sur sa proie; (→ bird of prey) fondre ou s'abattre sur sa proie;∎ the bombers struck at dawn les bombardiers attaquèrent à l'aube;∎ the murderer has struck again l'assassin a encore frappé;∎ these are measures which strike at the root/heart of the problem voici des mesures qui attaquent le problème à la racine/qui s'attaquent au cœur du problème;∎ this latest incident strikes right at the heart of government policy ce dernier incident remet complètement en cause la politique gouvernementale∎ they're striking for more pay ils font grève pour obtenir une augmentation de salaire;∎ the nurses struck over the minister's decision to freeze wages les infirmières ont fait grève suite à la décision du ministre de bloquer les salaires∎ midnight had already struck minuit avait déjà sonné(e) (happen suddenly → illness, disaster, earthquake) survenir, se produire, arriver;∎ we were travelling quietly along when disaster struck nous roulions tranquillement lorsque la catastrophe s'est produite;∎ the first tremors struck at 3 a.m. les premières secousses sont survenues à 3 heures du matin(f) (travel, head)∎ to strike across country prendre à travers champs;∎ they then struck west ils sont ensuite partis vers l'ouest(i) (of cutting) prendre (racine)►► strike ballot = vote avant que les syndicats ne décident d'une grève;Insurance strike clause clause f pour cas de grève;strike force (nuclear capacity) force f de frappe; (of police, soldiers → squad) détachement m ou brigade f d'intervention; (→ larger force) force f d'intervention;strike fund = caisse de prévoyance permettant d'aider les grévistes;strike pay salaire m de gréviste (versé par le syndicat ou par un fonds de solidarité);Finance strike price (for share) prix m d'exercice∎ the government struck back at its critics le gouvernement a répondu à ceux qui le critiquaientfoudroyer, terrasser;∎ figurative struck down by disease terrassé par la maladie∎ to be struck off (doctor, solicitor) être radié(c) Typography tirer∎ (go) to strike off to the left prendre à gauche;∎ we struck off into the forest nous sommes entrés ou avons pénétré dans la forêt(a) (cross out) rayer, barrer(b) (in baseball) éliminer(a) (set up on one's own) s'établir à son compte∎ she struck out across the fields elle prit à travers champs;∎ figurative they decided to strike out into a new direction ils ont décidé de prendre une nouvelle direction∎ we struck out for the shore nous avons commencé à nager en direction de la côte(d) (aim a blow) frapper;∎ she struck out at him elle essaya de le frapper; figurative elle s'en est prise à lui;∎ they struck out in all directions with their truncheons ils distribuaient des coups de matraque à droite et à gauche(e) (in baseball) être éliminéBritish (cross out) rayer, barrer∎ to strike up a conversation with sb engager la conversation avec qn;∎ they immediately struck up a conversation ils sont immédiatement entrés en conversation;∎ to strike up an acquaintance/a friendship with sb lier connaissance/se lier d'amitié avec qn∎ the band struck up the national anthem l'orchestre commença à jouer l'hymne national ou entonna les premières mesures de l'hymne national(musician, orchestra) commencer à jouer; (music) commencer -
5 strike
1. гл.1) общ. ударять(ся), наносить удар, битьto strike a blow for smth./smb. — помогать, способствовать чему-л./кому-л., выступать в защиту кого-л./чего-л.
to strike a blow against [at\] smth. — противодействовать чему-л., нанести удар по чему-л.
2)а) общ. поражать, сражать (о болезни, стихийном бедствии или другом неприятном событии, произошедшем внезапно и приведшем к вредным последствиям)a powerful earthquake struck central and western Mexico — в центральной и западной Мексике произошло мощное землетрясение
б) общ. нападать, атаковать (о враге, животном и т. д.)3)а) общ. приходить (в голову) (о мысли, идее и т. д., появившейся неожиданно)the idea struck that — мне пришла в голову идея, что...
While I was doing that, the idea struck: maybe I should set up a whole site for these things. — Пока я это делал, мне внезапно пришла в голову идея: может быть, мне следует создать для всего этого отдельный сайт?
б) общ. поражать, потрясать (кого-л.), производить впечатление (на кого-л.)I still remember about half the points he made — that's how much the speech struck me. — Я до сих пор помню примерно половину указанных им проблемных вопросов — вот какое сильное впечатление произвела на меня его речь [вот как сильно меня потрясла его речь\].
в) общ. вызывать какие-л. чувства; вселять (ужас и т. п.)I was struck with sorrow. — Я был охвачен горем.
4) эк. тр., юр. бастовать, объявлять забастовкуto strike in protest against smth. — бастовать в знак протеста против чего-л.
to strike against smth. — бастовать против чего-л.
The union leader, Logan, tried to get other unions to strike in sympathy, but the other union leaders had no sympathy. — Логан, лидер профсоюза, попытался убедить другие профсоюзы объявить забастовку солидарности, но лидеры других профсоюзов вовсе не были с ним солидарны.
They forbade their members to strike in sympathy with the members of the other brotherhoods. — Они запретили своим членам бастовать в поддержку членов других профсоюзов.
5)а) общ. составлять (список и т. д.)б) общ. исключать (официально выгонять кого-л. из профессионального общества, организации и т. п.; используется с предлогом off)he was struck off in 1985 following the death of a patient under his care — в 1985 г. он был исключен вследствие смерти одного из его пациентов.
6)а) общ. приходить к соглашению, договариватьсяto strike a bargain — заключить сделку, прийти к соглашению
to strike a hard bargain — выторговать, добиться выгодных условий сделки
б) общ. выводить, подводить, сводить ( баланс)to strike a balance — подводить баланс, сводить баланс; выводить сальдо
7)а) доб. находить, открывать ( месторождение)to strike ore — открыть [найти\] месторождение руды
б) общ. находить, наталкиваться, случайно встречатьto strike upon [on\] a plan — придумать план
8) пол., юр. формировать, составлять (комиссию, комитет и т. д.)2. сущ.1) общ. удар ( особенно военный); атака2)а) эк. тр., юр. забастовка, стачка (коллективное прекращение работы с целью оказать давление на работодателей во время производственного конфликта или в ответ на неудовлетворительные условия труда)to be on strike — бастовать, устраивать забастовку
to come out on strike, to go on strike — забастовать, выйти на забастовку, объявить забастовку
to break (up) a strike — подавить [сорвать\] забастовку
to call a strike — призвать к забастовке; объявить забастовку
national [nation-wide\] strike — общенациональная забастовка
Syn:See:industrial action, economic strike, jurisdictional strike, political strike, protest strike, sympathetic strike, general strike, illegal strike, official strike, wildcat strike, sit-down strike, hunger strike, token strike, no-strike agreement, no-strike clause, right to strike, strike pay, strike fund, strike committee, strike ballot, strike notice, strikebreaker, striker, industrial dispute, trade union movement, stoppage of work, walkout, go-slow, work-to-rule, work-in, lock-out, sickout, picketб) общ. коллективный отказ (от чего-л.); бойкот (отказ делать что-л., используемый для выражения протеста, оказания давления)buyers' strike — бойкот покупателей, бойкотирование покупателями (определенных товаров или магазинов)
With the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax for Australia a little over six months away, it seems that car sellers are facing a buyers strike at the moment. — С введением в Австралии чуть более шести месяцев назад налога на товары и услуги, продавцы автомобилей, похоже, столкнулись с бойкотом покупателей.
3) доб. открытие месторождения (нефти, руды и т. п.)the first major strike of oil in the North Sea — первое открытие крупного месторождения нефти в Северном море
4) доб. простирание (характеристика направления жилы, пласта, разлома или иного географического образования по отношению к северу, поверхности земли, горизонтальной плоскости и т. д.)
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забастовка: временная остановка профсоюзом работы с целью заставить работодателя согласиться на требования профсоюза по зарплате и условиям работы. -
6 North Chicago
Город на северо-востоке штата Иллинойс, на берегу озера Мичиган [ Michigan, Lake], в 64 км к северу от Чикаго. 35,9 тыс. жителей (2000), 36% населения - афроамериканцы [ Afro-Americans]. Промышленный центр, экономика которого тесно связана с соседним городом Уокиган [ Waukegan]. Производство лекарств, медицинского оборудования, автодеталей, химическая промышленность, сталелитейное производство. В пригороде - учебный центр ВМС Грейт-Лейкс [ Great Lakes Naval Training Center]. Статус города с 1895. Конфликт рабочих и руководства сталелитейного завода (1937) привел к запрету Верховным судом США [ Supreme Court, U.S.] сидячих забастовок [ sit-down strike] (1939).English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > North Chicago
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7 north-south strike
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8 north-south strike of the host rocks
English-Russian dictionary of geology > north-south strike of the host rocks
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9 north-south strike
Геофизика: меридиональное простирание -
10 north-south strike of the host rocks
Золотодобыча: меридиональное простирание вмещающих породУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > north-south strike of the host rocks
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11 Historical Portugal
Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims inPortugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and theChurch (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict untilUN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU. -
12 dead
{ded}
I. 1. мъртъв, умрял
as DEAD as a dodo/a doornail/a herring/Julius Caesar/mutton мъртъв и студен
to strike DEAD убивам
strike me DEAD! да пукна, ако не е така! more DEAD than alive ни жив, ни умрял
2. загубил качествата/силата си, прен. мъртъв, изгорял, угаснал
DEAD lime гасена вар
DEAD steam отработена пара
DEAD volcano угаснал вулкан
DEAD wire жица, по която не тече ток
3. мъртъв, сух, извехнал (за растение), гол, пуст
4. неорганичен, неодушевен
DEAD fence стобор, дъсчена ограда
DEAD matter печ. негоден набор
5. измръзнал, изтръпнал
to go DEAD изтръпвам (за ръка и пр.)
6. безжизнен, бeздеен, изчерпан, инертен, непроизводителен, неподвижен, еднообразен
DEAD capital мъртъв капитал
DEAD lode мин. ялова жила
7. неизлъскан, матов
8. глух (за звук)
9. студен (за цвят)
10. остарял, излязъл от употреба (за език, закон и пр.)
11. сп. който не играе/не участвува, голф близо до дупката (за топка)
12. незаинтересован, безчувствен, неотзивчив (to)
DEAD to honour без всякакво чувство за чест
DEAD to reason глух за всякакви съвети
DEAD to the world дълбоко заспал, в безсъзнание, мъртво пиян
1. разг. капнал, пребит от умора
1. пълен, абсолютен, безусловен
in DEAD earnest твърдо решен, съвсем сериозно
DEAD failure пълен неуспех/провал
DEAD faint пълно загубване на съзнанието
DEAD loss чиста загуба
sl. човек, който за нищо не го бива
DEAD silence пълна/гробна тишина
DEAD secret пълна/дълбока тайна
DEAD sleep мъртвешки сън
DEAD above the ears/from the neck up тъп, глупав
DEAD and gone отдавна минал, излязъл от употреба
DEAD hours потайно време, глуха доба
to be DEAD with cold премръзнал съм
DEAD spit образ и подобие, точно подобие
to put the DEAD wood on sl. спечелвам предимство пред
II. adv напълно, безусловно, абсолютно, направо
DEAD against решително против, право в лицето (за вятър)
DEAD asleep заспал като мъртъв/заклан
DEAD drunk мъртво пиян
DEAD on time точно навреме/на минутата
DEAD set твърдо решен (on)
решително против (against)
DEAD south/north мор. направо на юг/север
DEAD tired капнал/пребит от умора, смъртно уморен
to stop DEAD спирам, заковавам се
III. n the DEAD мъртвите, умрелите
at/in the DEAD of night в потайно време, в глуха доба
in the DEAD of winter посред зима* * *{ded} a 1. мъртъв, умрял; as dead as a dodo/a doornail/a herring/Ju(2) {ded} adv напълно, безусловно, абсолютно; направо; dead against{3} {ded} n: the dead мъртвите, умрелите; at/in the dead of night в по* * *угаснал; увяхнал; умрял; безжизнен; безусловен; изтръпнал; изчерпан; инертен; измръзнал; мъртъв; матов; неодушевен;* * *1. 1 незаинтересован, безчувствен, неотзивчив (to) 2. 1 сп. който не играе/не участвува, голф близо до дупката (за топка) 3. as dead as a dodo/a doornail/a herring/julius caesar/mutton мъртъв и студен 4. at/in the dead of night в потайно време, в глуха доба 5. dead above the ears/from the neck up тъп, глупав 6. dead against решително против, право в лицето (за вятър) 7. dead and gone отдавна минал, излязъл от употреба 8. dead asleep заспал като мъртъв/заклан 9. dead capital мъртъв капитал 10. dead drunk мъртво пиян 11. dead failure пълен неуспех/провал 12. dead faint пълно загубване на съзнанието 13. dead fence стобор, дъсчена ограда 14. dead hours потайно време, глуха доба 15. dead lime гасена вар 16. dead lode мин. ялова жила 17. dead loss чиста загуба 18. dead matter печ. негоден набор 19. dead on time точно навреме/на минутата 20. dead secret пълна/дълбока тайна 21. dead set твърдо решен (on) 22. dead silence пълна/гробна тишина 23. dead sleep мъртвешки сън 24. dead south/north мор. направо на юг/север 25. dead spit образ и подобие, точно подобие 26. dead steam отработена пара 27. dead tired капнал/пребит от умора, смъртно уморен 28. dead to honour без всякакво чувство за чест 29. dead to reason глух за всякакви съвети 30. dead to the world дълбоко заспал, в безсъзнание, мъртво пиян 31. dead volcano угаснал вулкан 32. dead wire жица, по която не тече ток 33. i. мъртъв, умрял 34. ii. adv напълно, безусловно, абсолютно, направо 35. iii. n the dead мъртвите, умрелите 36. in dead earnest твърдо решен, съвсем сериозно 37. in the dead of winter посред зима 38. sl. човек, който за нищо не го бива 39. strike me dead! да пукна, ако не е така! more dead than alive ни жив, ни умрял 40. to be dead with cold премръзнал съм 41. to go dead изтръпвам (за ръка и пр.) 42. to put the dead wood on sl. спечелвам предимство пред 43. to stop dead спирам, заковавам се 44. to strike dead убивам 45. безжизнен, бeздеен, изчерпан, инертен, непроизводителен, неподвижен, еднообразен 46. глух (за звук) 47. загубил качествата/силата си, прен. мъртъв, изгорял, угаснал 48. измръзнал, изтръпнал 49. мъртъв, сух, извехнал (за растение), гол, пуст 50. неизлъскан, матов 51. неорганичен, неодушевен 52. остарял, излязъл от употреба (за език, закон и пр.) 53. пълен, абсолютен, безусловен 54. разг. капнал, пребит от умора 55. решително против (against) 56. студен (за цвят)* * *dead [ded] I. adj 1. мъртъв,умрял;as \dead as a doornail ( a herring) умрял,безникаквипризнацинаживот;stone-\dead мъртъв,умрял;\dead as a dodo отживял,излязълотупотреба;to strike \dead убивам;more \dead than alive нижив,ниумрял;2. загубилосновнитесикачества,силатаси;изгорял,угаснал;ел.безнапрежение,изключенотверига;\dead coal ( fire) угасналвъглен(огън);\dead wire проводникбезток;3. мъртъв,сух,увехнал(зарастение); 4. неодушевен;\dead matter неорганичнаматерия;печ.наборзаразпиляване;5. изтръпнал;измръзнал;to be \dead cold премръзвам;to go \dead изтръпвам;6. безжизнен,бездеен;изчерпан;непроизводителен;неподвижен;инертен;неактивен;еднообразен;\dead capital мъртъвкапитал;\dead hours потайнадоба;7. неизлъскан,матов;\dead white матовобяло;8. глух(зазвук); 9. студен(зацвят); 10. остарял,излязълотупотреба(зазаконипод.); 11. койтонеиграе,неучаствавигра;близододупката(затопка,вголфа); 12. загубилвсякакъвинтерескъм,незаинтересован,безчувствен,апатичен,неотзивчив(to); \dead to honour безникаквочувствозачест;\dead to reason глухзавсякаквисъвети;\dead to the world умрялзасвета;13. разг.капнал,изцеден,изтощен;14. пълен,абсолютен,безусловен,чист;in \dead earnest твърдорешен;напълносериозно;\dead faint пълназагубанасъзнание;\dead loss чистазагуба;\dead silence гробнатишина;\dead secret дълбокатайна;\dead sleep мъртвешкисън;15. точен,безпогрешен(заизстрел); • \dead above the ears ( from the neck up) sl глупав,тъп,безмозъчен;тъпкатогалош;\dead and gone отдавнаминал,излязълотупотреба;накоготоикоренътеизсъхнал,семетосеезатрило; to cut s.o. \dead разг.игнорирам,пренебрегвамнякого; I wouldn't be seen \dead in this hat занищонасветанебихсложилтазишапка;to be \dead in the water напълносъмсепровалил,изпадналсъмвбезнадеждноположение; to knock s.o. \dead впечатлявамнеимоверномного;to drop \dead разг.разкарвамсе,омитамсе,изчезвам;II. adv напълно,безусловно,абсолютно;направо;\dead set against решителнопротив;правовлицето(завятър); \dead asleep заспалкатозаклан;\dead on time точендоминута;\dead south мор.правонаюг;\dead tired капналотумора;\dead easy изключителнолесен;III. n: the \dead мъртвите; to rise ( come back) from the \dead възкръсвамотмъртвите;at ( in the) \dead of night потайнадоба,глуханощ;in the \dead of winter посредзима. -
13 light
̈ɪlaɪt I
1. сущ.
1) а) свет;
освещение by the light of ≈ при свете to read by the light of a candle ≈ читать при свете свечи to cast, shed light on smth. ≈ проливать свет на что-л. to dim the lights, turn the lights down ≈ притушить свет to extinguish, turn off, turn out a light ≈ выключить, потушить, погасить свет to put on, switch on, turn on a light ≈ зажигать свет to shine a light on smth. ≈ посветить на что-л. to turn the lights up ≈ включить свет light flickers ≈ свет мерцает light goes on ≈ свет включается, зажигается light goes out ≈ свет выключается the lights are off, out ≈ освещение выключено the lights are on ≈ освещение включено light travels( very fast) ≈ свет движется (очень быстро) The lights have fused. ≈ Свет выключили. Пробки вышибло. see the light б) дневной свет;
естественное освещение Syn: daylight в) рассвет, утренняя заря Syn: dawn
1.
2) источник света а) небесное светило (луна, солнце, звезды и т.д.) б) огонь;
зажженная свеча Syn: candle в) лампа, фонарь, прожектор
3) перен. духовное свечение, духовный свет а) просвещенность, образованность Syn: enlightenment б) истинность( от выраж. "свет истины") Syn: truth
4) огонь, пламя to put a light to the lamp ≈ зажечь лампу
5) окно, просвет
6) светило;
знаменитость Syn: celebrity
7) а) мн.;
разг. глаза, гляделки б) перен. выражение глаз;
блеск в глазах
8) а) мн. светофор at a light ≈ на светофоре to stop at a light ≈ остановиться на светофоре to cross against the lights ≈ переходить при красном сигнале to drive against the lights ≈ проезжать на красный свет to go through a light ≈ проехать светофор traffic light ≈ светофор Syn: traffic light б) маяк, сигнальный огонь Syn: lighthouse, beacon в) фара( автомобильная)
9) обыкн. мн. информация, сведения, данные to come to light ≈ обнаружиться to shed light upon ≈ проливать свет на (что-л.)
10) а) огласка( фактов, сведений, данных и т.д.) ;
гласность facts brought to light ≈ ставшие известными факты б) аспект;
интерпретация;
постановка вопроса;
восприятие to put smth. in a favourable light ≈ представить что-л. в выгодном свете Let's see the matter in a different light. ≈ Давай попробуем посмотреть на эту ситуацию в другом аспекте.
11) мн. (умственные) способности
12) мн. система взглядов, принципов ∙ by the light of nature ≈ интуитивно
2. прил.
1) светлый, ясный( о помещении) a light airy room ≈ светлая просторная комната
2) а) бледный, тусклый Syn: pale II
1. б) светлый (об оттенке цвета) light-blue ≈ голубой light-green ≈ светло-зеленый light-yellow ≈ бледно-желтый
3) (о кофе) поданный с очень большим количеством молока или сливок
3. гл.;
прош. вр. и прич. прош. вр. - lighted, lit
1) а) прояснять;
делать светлым, радостным His face lit up. ≈ Его лицо осветилось (радостью). Syn: brighten б) оживлять A smile lit up her face. ≈ Улыбка оживила ее лицо. Syn: animate
2.
2) загораться, зажигать(ся) (часто light up) Syn: kindle, take fire
3) освещать( часто light up) ;
светить( кому-л.) Syn: illuminate ∙ light up II
1. прил.
1) а) легкий;
легковесный as light as a feather ≈ легкий как перышко б) малой грузоподъемности, рассчитанный на малый вес a light truck ≈ малотоннажный грузовой автомобиль в) легкий (по отношению к объему) light metal ≈ легкий металл
2) обыденный, незначительный, мелкий light sleep ≈ легкий сон, дремота The loss of a job is no light matter. ≈ Потеря работы - не такое уж незначительное событие. light rain ≈ небольшой дождь, дождик light snow ≈ небольшой снег Syn: trivial
3) легкий, необременительный, нетрудный light duties ≈ легкие поручения light punishment ≈ мягкое, нестрогое наказание Syn: easy, simple
4) рыхлый, неплотный( о почве)
5) пустой;
непостоянный, легкомысленный, несерьезный;
веселый light woman ≈ женщина легкого поведения to make light of ≈ относиться несерьезно, небрежно к (чему-л.), не придавать значения (чему-л.) Syn: light-hearted, amusing, funny I
1., gay
1., carefree, frivolous, sprightly
1., blithe
6) а) легкоусваиваемый, необильный (о пище) light breakfast ≈ легкий завтрак б) некрепкий, легкий ( об алкогольных напитках)
7) а) быстрый, легкий ( о движениях) She is a light dancer. ≈ Она очень грациозно танцует. Syn: airy, graceful б) воен. легкий, подвижный light artillery ≈ легкая артиллерия light automatic gun ≈ ручной пулемет
8) фон. а) неударный( о слоге, звуке) б) слабый( об ударении)
9) кул. хорошо поднявшийся, легкий, воздушный( о тесте)
10) неотчетливый, смутный, неясный Syn: not distinct;
faint
2. ∙ light in the head ≈ в полубессознательном состоянии light hand
2. нареч.
1) легко to get off light ≈ легко отделаться to travel light ≈ путешествовать налегке to tread light ≈ легко ступать Syn: lightly I light come light go ≈ легко нажито, легко прожито
2) налегке (без большого количества вещей) to travel light ≈ путешествовать налегке III гл.;
прош. вр. и прич. прош. вр. - lighted, lit
1) неожиданно натолкнуться, случайно напасть (on, upon) His eyes lighted on a familiar face in the crowd. ≈ Неожиданно он увидел знакомое лицо в толпе. He lit upon an interesting idea. ≈ Ему в голову случайно пришла интересная мысль.
2) а) падать (on, upon), сваливаться б) перен. неожиданно обрушиться( об ударе и т. п.)
3) уст. сходить( обыкн. light off, light down) ;
опускаться, садиться( на что-л.) Syn: settle II, alight I, dismount ∙ light into light out свет - the * of the sun свет солнца - northern /polars/ *s северное сияние - * bath (медицина) световая ванна - * therapy( медицина) светолечение - * gun /pen/ (компьютерное) световое перо - to stand in smb.'s * заслонять кому-л. свет освещенность, видимость - * line (военное) граница затемненного района - in a good * хорошо видный, хорошо освещенный;
при хорошем освещении - to read in poor * читать при плохом свете /при слабом освещении/ - there is enough * for reading для чтения здесь достаточно светло - hang the picture in a good * повесьте картину так, чтобы она была хорошо освещена /видна/ (обыкн. the *) дневной свет, день, дневное время - to rise with the * вставать с рассветом - as soon as there was * как только рассвело - the * began to fail надвигались сумерки - before the * fails до того, как стемнеет, засветло pl (искусство) светлые части картины (тж. high *s) источник света;
огонь, лампа и т. п. - to put out the * погасить свет - *s were burning in every room во всех комнатах горел огонь - *s out! отбой! (команда) (военное) прожектор pl светофор - to stop for the *s останавливаться у светофора - to cross against the *s переходить при красном сигнале маяк - floating * плавучий маяк pl (театроведение) (профессионализм) рампа, огни рампы - before the *s у рампы, на сцене огонь, пламя, искра - to strike a * зажечь спичку - can you give me a *? не дадите ли мне прикурить? - to put a * to the lamp зажечь лампу огонек, свет ( глаз) ;
отражение душевного волнения( на лице) информация, новые сведения, данные - we need more * on the subject нам нужны дополнительные сведения /данные/ по этому вопросу - these facts throw /shed/ (a) new * on the matter эти данные проливают новый свет на дело гласность - to come to * обнаруживаться, выявляться - to bring to * обнаружить, раскрыть;
вывести на чистую воду;
вытащить на свет божий - new evidence has come to * обнаружились новые факты /данные/ аспект, вид;
восприятие - in the * of past events в свете прошлых /имевших место/ событий - to view smth. in a favourable * смотреть на что-л. благосклонно, одобрять что-л. - to put things in a favourable * представлять /выставлять/ что-л. в выгодном свете - I can't see the affair in that * я не могу смотреть на это дело таким образом - in whatever * we view it с какой бы стороны ни рассматривать это знаменитость, светило;
светоч - he was one of the shining /leading/ *s of his age он был одним из самых выдающихся людей своего времени pl убеждения, взгляды;
уровень - to do one's best according to one's *s сделать все в меру своих способностей /возможностей/ - to worship according to one's *s молиться в соответствии со своими убеждениями /со своей верой/ - he acted according to his *s он действовал, как ему казалось правильным /в соответствии со своими убеждениями/ просвет;
окно;
стекло( в крыше или стене оранжереи) зрение pl (разговорное) глаза > to stand in smb.'s * мешать кому-л., стоять у кого-л. на дороге > to stand in one's own * вредить самому себе, нарушать собственные интересы;
сам себе враг > get out of the * не мешай(те), уходи(те) с дороги, не стойте на моем пути > green * зеленая улица( чему-л.) > the * of my eyes свет очей моих > to see the * увидеть свет, родиться;
увидеть свет, выйти из печати;
прозреть, понять в чем дело;
(религия) (духовно) прозреть;
обратиться( в какую-л. веру) > to put out smb.'s * убить /ликвидировать/ кого-л. > out like a * без сознания( особ. от удара по голове) ;
крепко спящий;
спит без задних ног > * at the end of the tunnel просвет (в кризисном положении) ;
надежда на близкую победу;
намечающийся успех > by the * of nature интуитивно, инстинктивно;
естественно( без указаний, обучения и т. п.) > the * of smb.'s countenance чья-л. благосклонность, чье-л. расположение;
чье-л. одобрение, чья-л. поддержка > the * of thy countenance (библеизм) свет лица твоего > the greater and the lesser * (библеизм) светило большее и светило меньшее;
солнце и луна светлый - * room светлая комната - * day светлый /не пасмурный/ день светлый, светлого цвета;
бледный (о цвете) - * hair светлые волосы - * compexion белая кожа - * beer /ale/ светлое пиво с молоком или сливками (о кофе) (light-) как компонент сложных слов: светло- - light-blue светло-голубой, бледно-голубой - a light-skinned mulatto светлокожий мулат (тж. * up) зажигать - to * a lamp зажечь лампу - to * fire затопить печку /камин/ зажигаться, загораться освещать - our houses are *ed /lit/ (up) by electricity наши дома освещаются электричеством - all the streets were brightly lit (up) все улицы были залиты светом - * ship! (морское) включить освещение! (команда) освещаться - all the windows lit up во всех окнах вспыхнул свет прикуривать( сигарету, папиросу и т. п.) - to * (up) a cigarette закурить сигарету светить (кому-л.) - to * (up) a person on his way посветить кому-л., осветить кому-л. дорогу - she lit him up the stairs with the candle пока он поднимался по лестнице, она светила ему свечкой освещать, озарять - a smile lit up her face улыбка озарила ее лицо (with) освещаться, озаряться;
светиться, сиять( о глазах, лице) - to * (up) with a smile озариться улыбкой - to * (up) with pleasure сиять от радости, светиться счастьем > to be lit up напиться легкий, нетяжелый - * box легкий ящик - * shoes легкие туфли - * clothing легкая /летняя/ одежда - (as) * as a feather /as air/ легкий как пух;
невесомый - * alloy легкий сплав - * oil (специальное) маловязкое масло;
легкий нефтепродукт - * sails верхние летучие паруса легкий на ногу;
проворный - * walk /footsteps/ легкая походка - * of foot проворный, быстроногий - * on one's feet легкий на подъем, подвижный легкий, рассчитанный на небольшую нагрузку - * car малолитражный автомобиль - * railway узкоколейная или временная железная дорога;
подъездной путь( военное) легкий, облегченного типа - * automatic gun ручной пулемет - * bomb авиабомба небольшого калибра - * machine-rifle автоматическая винтовка - * machine-gun ручной пулемет;
облегченный станковый пулемет - * warning radar легкая радиолокационная станция обнаружения - * load уменьшенный заряд( военное) имеющий легкое вооружение - * (horse) brigade( историческое) кавалерийская бригада - * artillery легкая артиллерия - * bomber легкий бомбардировщик - * cruiser легкий крейсер - * tank легкий танк - in * marching order с облегченным походным снаряжением неполновесный, неправильного веса - * coin неполновесная монета - to give * weight недовешивать, обвешивать легкий, несильный, слабый - * touch легкое /мягкое/ прикосновение - a * print слабый /еле видный/ отпечаток тонкий, деликатный - * vein of humour тонкий юмор - * persiflage деликатное подшучивание легкий, некрепкий (о вине, пиве) легкий (о пище) - * supper легкий ужин неплотный;
негустой - * soil легкая /рыхлая/ почва - * clouds легкие /перистые/ облака легкий, воздушный, хорошо поднявшийся (о тесте) несерьезный;
незначительный;
несущественный - * remarks несерьезные /несущественные/ замечания - to one's *est word по чьему-л. малейшему слову - to make * of smth. недооценивать что-л.;
не воспринимать серьезно;
принижать, преуменьшать (заслуги и т. п.) - to make * of danger недооценивать опасность - he makes * of his illness он не обращает достаточно внимания на свою болезнь - this is no * matter это дело нешуточное легкий, несложный, развлекательный - * music легкая музыка( в противоп. классической) - * reading легкое чтение, развлекательная литература - * opera комическая опера;
оперетта - * comedy легкая комедия - * comedian актер легкого комедийного жанра легкий, небольшой, несильный - a * attack of illness легкий приступ болезни - * wind легкий ветерок - * frost небольшой /легкий/ мороз - * rain дождик, небольшой дождь - * applause непродолжительные /жидкие/ аплодисменты - * smoker незаядлый курильщик - * eater человек с плохим аппетитом, малоешка нетрудный, необременительный - * work нетрудная /легкая/ работа - * duties необременительные /несложные/ обязанности - * household tasks мелкая работа по дому - to make * work of smth. быстро управляться с чем-л. легкий, несуровый - * punishment легкое наказание - * sentence мягкий приговор легкомысленный;
ветреный, непостоянный - * opinions неустойчивые убеждения - a person of * character весьма легкомысленный человек фривольный;
распущенный - * woman женщина легкого поведения /нестрогих правил/ веселый, беззаботный, беспечный - * laughter веселый /беззаботный/ смех - * jest веселая шутка - * chatter беседа о том, о сем легкий, чуткий( о сне) - a * sleeper спящий чутко (фонетика) неударный (о слоге) (фонетика) слабый (об ударении) > with a * heart с легким сердцем > * hand ловкость;
умение;
тактичность;
деликатность > she has a * hand for pastry она мастерица печь пирожные > * fingers ловкий;
вороватый, нечистый на руку > * in the head чувствующий /испытывающий/ головокружение;
глупый легко - to tread * легко ступать - to sleep * некрепко /чутко/ спать - to travel * путешествовать налегке - to get off * (разговорное) легко /дешево/ отделаться > * come, * go (пословица) легко нажито, легко прожито (on, upon) неожиданно, случайно натолкнуться (на что-л.) - to * on a rare book in a second-hand shop случайно найти /увидеть/ редкую книгу в букинистическом магазине - we lit upon a solution мы неожиданно нашли решение обрушиться (об ударе и т. п.) - misfortune *ed upon him на него свалилось горе сходить, выходить( обыкн. * down, * off, * from) - to * off a horse спешиться, сойти с лошади - to * down from the bus выйти из автобуса - to * at one's door сойти у своего дома (on, upon) опускаться, садиться;
падать - to * on one's feet стать на ноги (после падения или прыжка) ;
счастливо отделаться - the bird lit upon the bough птица села на сук - my eye *ed on a familiar face among the crowd мой взгляд упал на знакомое лицо в толпе (into) нападать, накидываться - we lit into the food мы набросились на еду ~ (умственные) способности;
according to one's ~s в меру своих сил, возможностей anchor ~ якорный огонь ~ легкий;
легковесный;
as light as a feather (или air) легкий как перышко;
to give light weight обвешивать high ~ основной момент, факт;
to be in( или to hit) the high light быть в центре внимания ~ разъяснение;
to bring to light выявлять, выяснять;
выводить на чистую воду;
to come to light обнаружиться ~ attr. световой;
light therapy светолечение;
by the light of nature интуитивно ~ разъяснение;
to bring to light выявлять, выяснять;
выводить на чистую воду;
to come to light обнаружиться ~ pl светофор;
to stop for the lights останавливаться у светофора;
to cross (to drive) against the lights переходить (проезжать) при красном сигнале diffused ~ рассеянный свет ~ легко;
to tread light легко ступать;
to travel light путешествовать налегке;
to get off light легко отделаться ~ легкий;
легковесный;
as light as a feather (или air) легкий как перышко;
to give light weight обвешивать to give the green ~ амер. разг. дать "зеленую улицу", открыть путь green ~ амер. разг. "зеленая улица" green ~ зеленый свет (светофора) green ~ разг. разрешение на беспрепятственное прохождение( работы, проекта и т. п.) ;
"зеленая улица" high ~ основной момент, факт;
to be in (или to hit) the high light быть в центре внимания high ~ световой эффект( в живописи, фотографии) ~ (lit, lighted) неожиданно натолкнуться, случайно напасть (on, upon) ;
his eyes lighted on a familiar face in the crowd он увидел знакомое лицо в толпе ~ аспект;
интерпретация;
постановка вопроса;
in the light of these facts в свете этих данных;
I cannot see it in that light я не могу это рассматривать таким образом ~ аспект;
интерпретация;
постановка вопроса;
in the light of these facts в свете этих данных;
I cannot see it in that light я не могу это рассматривать таким образом jack ~ амер. фонарь (для охоты или рыбной ловли ночью) leading ~ направляющий огонь light аспект ~ аспект;
интерпретация;
постановка вопроса;
in the light of these facts в свете этих данных;
I cannot see it in that light я не могу это рассматривать таким образом ~ быстрый, легкий (о движениях) ~ pl разг. глаза, гляделки ~ (lit, lighted) зажигать(-ся) (часто light up) ~ источник света ~ воен. легкий, подвижный;
light artillery легкая артиллерия;
light automatic gun ручной пулемет ~ легкий;
легковесный;
as light as a feather (или air) легкий как перышко;
to give light weight обвешивать ~ легкий ~ легко;
to tread light легко ступать;
to travel light путешествовать налегке;
to get off light легко отделаться ~ незначительный;
light rain (snow) небольшой дождь (снег) ;
a light attack of illness небольшое недомогание ~ незначительный ~ некрепкий (о напитке) ;
легкий (о пище) ;
light meal легкий завтрак, ужин, легкая закуска ~ (lit, lighted) неожиданно натолкнуться, случайно напасть (on, upon) ;
his eyes lighted on a familiar face in the crowd он увидел знакомое лицо в толпе ~ неожиданно обрушиться (об ударе и т. п.) ~ неполновесный ~ несущественный ~ нетрудный, необременительный, легкий;
light work легкая работа;
light punishment мягкое наказание ~ фон. неударный (о слоге, звуке) ;
слабый (об ударении) ~ облегченного типа ~ огонь;
зажженная свеча, лампа, фонарь, фара, маяк;
to strike a light зажечь спичку;
will you give me a light? позвольте прикурить ~ освещать (часто light up) ;
светить (кому-л.) ~ освещать ~ освещенность ~ просвет, окно ~ пустой;
непостоянный, легкомысленный, несерьезный;
веселый;
light woman женщина легкого поведения;
with a light heart весело;
с легким сердцем ~ разъяснение;
to bring to light выявлять, выяснять;
выводить на чистую воду;
to come to light обнаружиться ~ рассчитанный на небольшую нагрузку ~ рыхлый, неплотный (о почве) ~ (обыкн. pl) сведения, информация;
we need more light on the subject нам нужны дополнительные сведения по этому вопросу ~ свет;
освещение;
дневной свет ~ свет ~ светило;
знаменитость ~ светлый;
бледный (о цвете) ;
light brown светло-коричневый ~ pl светофор;
to stop for the lights останавливаться у светофора;
to cross (to drive) against the lights переходить (проезжать) при красном сигнале ~ уст. сходить (обыкн. light off, light down) ;
опускаться, садиться (на что-л.) ;
падать (on, upon) ~ кул. хорошо поднявшийся, легкий, воздушный (о тесте) ;
light sleep чуткий сон;
light in the head в полубессознательном состоянии ~ (умственные) способности;
according to one's ~s в меру своих сил, возможностей ~ воен. легкий, подвижный;
light artillery легкая артиллерия;
light automatic gun ручной пулемет ~ незначительный;
light rain (snow) небольшой дождь (снег) ;
a light attack of illness небольшое недомогание ~ attr. световой;
light therapy светолечение;
by the light of nature интуитивно ~ воен. легкий, подвижный;
light artillery легкая артиллерия;
light automatic gun ручной пулемет ~ светлый;
бледный (о цвете) ;
light brown светло-коричневый ~ come ~ go = легко нажито, легко прожито ~ hand деликатность, тактичность ~ hand ловкость ~ кул. хорошо поднявшийся, легкий, воздушный (о тесте) ;
light sleep чуткий сон;
light in the head в полубессознательном состоянии ~ некрепкий (о напитке) ;
легкий (о пище) ;
light meal легкий завтрак, ужин, легкая закуска ~ нетрудный, необременительный, легкий;
light work легкая работа;
light punishment мягкое наказание ~ незначительный;
light rain (snow) небольшой дождь (снег) ;
a light attack of illness небольшое недомогание ~ reading легкое чтение ~ кул. хорошо поднявшийся, легкий, воздушный (о тесте) ;
light sleep чуткий сон;
light in the head в полубессознательном состоянии ~ attr. световой;
light therapy светолечение;
by the light of nature интуитивно ~ up зажечь свет;
в) оживлять(ся), загораться, светиться (о лице, глазах) ~ up закурить (трубку и т. п.) ~ пустой;
непостоянный, легкомысленный, несерьезный;
веселый;
light woman женщина легкого поведения;
with a light heart весело;
с легким сердцем ~ нетрудный, необременительный, легкий;
light work легкая работа;
light punishment мягкое наказание to make ~ (of smth.) относиться несерьезно, небрежно (к чему-л.), не придавать значения (чему-л.) north ~ (pl) = northern lights north ~ (pl) = northern lights to put (smth.) in a favourable ~ представить (что-л.) в выгодном свете ready ~ вчт. индикатор готовности to see the ~ выйти из печати to see the ~ обратиться (в какую-л. веру и т. п.) to see the ~ понять;
убедиться;
to stand in (smb.'s) light заслонять свет;
перен. мешать, стоять на дороге;
to stand in one's own light вредить самому себе to see the ~ увидеть свет, родиться red ~ красный свет (сигнал опасности на транспорте и т. п.) ;
to see the red light предчувствовать приближение опасности, беды see: to ~ scarlet прийти в ярость, в бешенство;
to see the red light предчувствовать приближение опасности, беды sense ~ вчт. световой индикатор signal ~ вчт. индикаторная лампочка signal ~ вчт. световая сигнализация signal ~ сигнальный огонь to see the ~ понять;
убедиться;
to stand in (smb.'s) light заслонять свет;
перен. мешать, стоять на дороге;
to stand in one's own light вредить самому себе to see the ~ понять;
убедиться;
to stand in (smb.'s) light заслонять свет;
перен. мешать, стоять на дороге;
to stand in one's own light вредить самому себе ~ pl светофор;
to stop for the lights останавливаться у светофора;
to cross (to drive) against the lights переходить (проезжать) при красном сигнале ~ огонь;
зажженная свеча, лампа, фонарь, фара, маяк;
to strike a light зажечь спичку;
will you give me a light? позвольте прикурить to throw a new ~ (upon smth.) представить (что-л.) в ином свете to throw (или to shed) ~ (upon smth.) проливать свет (на что-л.) ~ легко;
to tread light легко ступать;
to travel light путешествовать налегке;
to get off light легко отделаться ~ легко;
to tread light легко ступать;
to travel light путешествовать налегке;
to get off light легко отделаться Verey ~ = Very light Verey ~ = Very light Very ~ воен. сигнальная ракета Вери warning ~s вчт. световая сигнализация ~ (обыкн. pl) сведения, информация;
we need more light on the subject нам нужны дополнительные сведения по этому вопросу ~ огонь;
зажженная свеча, лампа, фонарь, фара, маяк;
to strike a light зажечь спичку;
will you give me a light? позвольте прикурить ~ пустой;
непостоянный, легкомысленный, несерьезный;
веселый;
light woman женщина легкого поведения;
with a light heart весело;
с легким сердцем -
14 note
1. nounstrike the right note — [Sprecher, Redner, Brief:] den richtigen Ton treffen
2) (tone of expression) [Unter]ton, dernote of caution/anger — warnender/ärgerlicher [Unter]ton
on a note of optimism, on an optimistic note — in optimistischem Ton
his voice had a peevish note — seine Stimme klang gereizt
a festive note, a note of festivity — eine festliche Note
3) (jotting) Notiz, dietake or make notes — sich (Dat.) Notizen machen
take or make a note of something — sich (Dat.) etwas notieren
4) (annotation, footnote) Anmerkung, die5) (short letter) [kurzer] Briefperson/something of note — bedeutende Persönlichkeit/etwas Bedeutendes
2. transitive verbtake note of something — (heed) einer Sache (Dat.) Beachtung schenken; (notice) etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen
1) (pay attention to) beachten2) (notice) bemerken3) (set down)note [down] — [sich (Dat.)] notieren
* * *[nəut] 1. noun1) (a piece of writing to call attention to something: He left me a note about the meeting.) die Notiz2) ((in plural) ideas for a speech, details from a lecture etc written down in short form: The students took notes on the professor's lecture.) die Aufzeichnung3) (a written or mental record: Have you kept a note of his name?) die Notiz4) (a short explanation: There is a note at the bottom of the page about that difficult word.) die Anmerkung5) (a short letter: She wrote a note to her friend.) das Briefchen7) (a musical sound: The song ended on a high note.) der Ton8) (a written or printed symbol representing a musical note.) die Note9) (an impression or feeling: The conference ended on a note of hope.) der Klang2. verb•- academic.ru/50531/notable">notable- notability
- notably
- noted
- notelet
- notebook
- notecase
- notepaper
- noteworthy
- noteworthiness
- take note of* * *[nəʊt, AM noʊt]I. nto leave a \note eine Nachricht hinterlassento keep a \note of sth [sich dat] etw notierento write sb a \note [or a \note to sb] jdm eine Nachricht hinterlassen2. (attention)to take \note of sth von etw dat Notiz nehmenblack/white \notes schwarze/weiße Tastenhigh/low \note hohe/tiefe Noteto change [AM its] \note seinen Ton [o Klang] verändernto strike a false/serious \note einen unpassenden/ernsthaften Ton anschlagento strike the right \note den richtigen Ton treffen7. ( form)▪ of \note von Bedeutunghe's a historian of \note er ist ein bedeutender Historikernothing of \note nichts von Bedeutungthe fresh \note of bergamot die frische Note von Bergamotte9. ECON[promissory] \note Schuldschein mII. vt▪ to \note sth▪ to \note that... zur Kenntnis nehmen, dass...▪ to \note how/when/where... zur Kenntnis nehmen, wie/wann/wo...\note how easy it is to release the catch quickly beachten Sie, wie einfach und schnell sich der Verschluss öffnen lässt▪ to \note that... feststellen, dass...4. FINto \note a bill einen Wechsel protestieren* * *[nəʊt]1. n1) Notiz f, Anmerkung f; (= notice, comment) Hinweis m (also Comput); (= footnote) Anmerkung f, Fußnote f; (official: in file etc) Vermerk m; (= diplomatic note) Note f; (= informal letter) Briefchen nt, paar Zeilen pllecture notes (professor's) — Manuskript nt; (student's) Aufzeichnungen pl
to speak without notes — frei sprechen, ohne Vorlage sprechen
to speak from notes —
to send/leave sb a note —
to take or make notes — Notizen machen; (in lecture also, in interrogation) mitschreiben
to make notes on a case ( — sich dat ) Notizen zu einem Fall machen
to take or make a note of sth — sich (dat) etw notieren
2) no pl(= notice)
to take note of sth — von etw Notiz nehmen, etw zur Kenntnis nehmentake no note of what he says — nehmen Sie keine Notiz von dem, was er sagt, achten Sie nicht darauf, was er sagt
take note of what I tell you — hören Sie auf das, was ich zu sagen habe
worthy of note — beachtenswert, erwähnenswert
3) no pl(= importance)
a man of note — ein bedeutender Mannto play/sing the right/wrong note — richtig/falsch spielen/singen
it struck a wrong or false note (fig) — da hat er etc sich im Ton vergriffen
on a more optimistic/positive note — aus optimistischer/positiver Sicht
his voice took on a note of desperation —
a £5 note, a five-pound note — eine Fünfpfundnote, ein Fünfpfundschein m
2. vt1) (= notice) bemerken; (= take note of) zur Kenntnis nehmen; (= pay attention to) beachten2)See:= note down* * *note [nəʊt]A s1. (Kenn)Zeichen n, Merkmal n2. fig Ansehen n, Ruf m, Bedeutung f:a man of note ein bedeutender Mann;nothing of note nichts von Bedeutung;worthy of note beachtenswert3. Notiz f, Kenntnisnahme f, Beachtung f:a) von etwas Notiz oder etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen,b) etwas beachten4. Notiz f, Aufzeichnung f:make a note of sth sich etwas notieren oder vormerken;speak without notes frei sprechen;5. (diplomatische) Note:exchange of notes Notenwechsel m6. Briefchen n, Zettel(chen) m(n)7. TYPOa) Anmerkung fb) Satzzeichen n8. WIRTSCHa) Nota f, Rechnung f:as per note laut Notab) (Schuld)Schein m:bought and sold note Schlussschein m;notes payable (receivable) US Wechselverbindlichkeiten (-forderungen)c) Banknote f, Geldschein m:d) Vermerk m, Notiz fe) Mitteilung f:note of exchange Kursblatt n9. MUSb) besonders Br Ton mc) besonders Br Taste f:strike the notes die Tasten anschlagen10. poet Klang m, Melodie f, besonders (Vogel)Gesang m11. fig Ton(art) m(f):strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffen;a) sich im Ton vergreifen,b) sich danebenbenehmen;on this note in diesem Sinne;12. figa) Ton m, Beiklang m:with a note of irritation mit einem Unterton von Ärgerb) Note f, Element n, Faktor m:a note of realism eine realistische NoteB v/t1. bemerkennote that … beachten, dass …bill (of exchange) noted for protest protestierter Wechsel5. besonders Preise angebenn. abk1. natus, born geb.2. neuter4. noon5. north N6. northern nördl.7. note8. noun Subst.9. number Nr.* * *1. nounstrike the right note — [Sprecher, Redner, Brief:] den richtigen Ton treffen
2) (tone of expression) [Unter]ton, dernote of caution/anger — warnender/ärgerlicher [Unter]ton
on a note of optimism, on an optimistic note — in optimistischem Ton
a festive note, a note of festivity — eine festliche Note
3) (jotting) Notiz, dietake or make notes — sich (Dat.) Notizen machen
take or make a note of something — sich (Dat.) etwas notieren
4) (annotation, footnote) Anmerkung, die5) (short letter) [kurzer] Briefperson/something of note — bedeutende Persönlichkeit/etwas Bedeutendes
2. transitive verbtake note of something — (heed) einer Sache (Dat.) Beachtung schenken; (notice) etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen
1) (pay attention to) beachten2) (notice) bemerken3) (set down)note [down] — [sich (Dat.)] notieren
* * *n.Anmerkung f.Memorandum (Pol.) n.Note -n f.Notiz -en f.Vermerk -e m.Zettel - m. v.beachten v.notieren v.vermerken v. -
15 command
командование (организационная единица, лица руководящего состава), управление; соединение; объединение; группа войск; военный округ; команда, приказание; превосходство; контроль; топ. превышение; командовать; управлять; подавать командыData Services (and Administrative) Systems command — командование [управление] статистических (и административно-управленческих) информационных систем
major command, NATO forces — верховное [стратегическое] командование ОВС НАТО
UN command,Rear — командование тыла сил ООН
US Army Forces, Readiness command — СВ командования войск готовности ВС США
— RAF Transportation command— vest command in -
16 light
[̈ɪlaɪt]light (умственные) способности; according to one's lights в меру своих сил, возможностей anchor light якорный огонь light легкий; легковесный; as light as a feather (или air) легкий как перышко; to give light weight обвешивать high light основной момент, факт; to be in (или to hit) the high light быть в центре внимания light разъяснение; to bring to light выявлять, выяснять; выводить на чистую воду; to come to light обнаружиться light attr. световой; light therapy светолечение; by the light of nature интуитивно light разъяснение; to bring to light выявлять, выяснять; выводить на чистую воду; to come to light обнаружиться light pl светофор; to stop for the lights останавливаться у светофора; to cross (to drive) against the lights переходить (проезжать) при красном сигнале diffused light рассеянный свет light легко; to tread light легко ступать; to travel light путешествовать налегке; to get off light легко отделаться light легкий; легковесный; as light as a feather (или air) легкий как перышко; to give light weight обвешивать to give the green light амер. разг. дать "зеленую улицу", открыть путь green light амер. разг. "зеленая улица" green light зеленый свет (светофора) green light разг. разрешение на беспрепятственное прохождение (работы, проекта и т. п.); "зеленая улица" high light основной момент, факт; to be in (или to hit) the high light быть в центре внимания high light световой эффект (в живописи, фотографии) light (lit, lighted) неожиданно натолкнуться, случайно напасть (on, upon); his eyes lighted on a familiar face in the crowd он увидел знакомое лицо в толпе light аспект; интерпретация; постановка вопроса; in the light of these facts в свете этих данных; I cannot see it in that light я не могу это рассматривать таким образом light аспект; интерпретация; постановка вопроса; in the light of these facts в свете этих данных; I cannot see it in that light я не могу это рассматривать таким образом jack light амер. фонарь (для охоты или рыбной ловли ночью) leading light направляющий огонь light аспект light аспект; интерпретация; постановка вопроса; in the light of these facts в свете этих данных; I cannot see it in that light я не могу это рассматривать таким образом light быстрый, легкий (о движениях) light pl разг. глаза, гляделки light (lit, lighted) зажигать(-ся) (часто light up) light источник света light воен. легкий, подвижный; light artillery легкая артиллерия; light automatic gun ручной пулемет light легкий; легковесный; as light as a feather (или air) легкий как перышко; to give light weight обвешивать light легкий light легко; to tread light легко ступать; to travel light путешествовать налегке; to get off light легко отделаться light незначительный; light rain (snow) небольшой дождь (снег); a light attack of illness небольшое недомогание light незначительный light некрепкий (о напитке); легкий (о пище); light meal легкий завтрак, ужин, легкая закуска light (lit, lighted) неожиданно натолкнуться, случайно напасть (on, upon); his eyes lighted on a familiar face in the crowd он увидел знакомое лицо в толпе light неожиданно обрушиться (об ударе и т. п.) light неполновесный light несущественный light нетрудный, необременительный, легкий; light work легкая работа; light punishment мягкое наказание light фон. неударный (о слоге, звуке); слабый (об ударении) light облегченного типа light огонь; зажженная свеча, лампа, фонарь, фара, маяк; to strike a light зажечь спичку; will you give me a light? позвольте прикурить light освещать (часто light up); светить (кому-л.) light освещать light освещенность light просвет, окно light пустой; непостоянный, легкомысленный, несерьезный; веселый; light woman женщина легкого поведения; with a light heart весело; с легким сердцем light разъяснение; to bring to light выявлять, выяснять; выводить на чистую воду; to come to light обнаружиться light рассчитанный на небольшую нагрузку light рыхлый, неплотный (о почве) light (обыкн. pl) сведения, информация; we need more light on the subject нам нужны дополнительные сведения по этому вопросу light свет; освещение; дневной свет light свет light светило; знаменитость light светлый; бледный (о цвете); light brown светло-коричневый light pl светофор; to stop for the lights останавливаться у светофора; to cross (to drive) against the lights переходить (проезжать) при красном сигнале light уст. сходить (обыкн. light off, light down); опускаться, садиться (на что-л.); падать (on, upon) light кул. хорошо поднявшийся, легкий, воздушный (о тесте); light sleep чуткий сон; light in the head в полубессознательном состоянии light (умственные) способности; according to one's lights в меру своих сил, возможностей light воен. легкий, подвижный; light artillery легкая артиллерия; light automatic gun ручной пулемет light незначительный; light rain (snow) небольшой дождь (снег); a light attack of illness небольшое недомогание light attr. световой; light therapy светолечение; by the light of nature интуитивно light воен. легкий, подвижный; light artillery легкая артиллерия; light automatic gun ручной пулемет light светлый; бледный (о цвете); light brown светло-коричневый light come light go = легко нажито, легко прожито light hand деликатность, тактичность light hand ловкость light кул. хорошо поднявшийся, легкий, воздушный (о тесте); light sleep чуткий сон; light in the head в полубессознательном состоянии light некрепкий (о напитке); легкий (о пище); light meal легкий завтрак, ужин, легкая закуска light нетрудный, необременительный, легкий; light work легкая работа; light punishment мягкое наказание light незначительный; light rain (snow) небольшой дождь (снег); a light attack of illness небольшое недомогание light reading легкое чтение light кул. хорошо поднявшийся, легкий, воздушный (о тесте); light sleep чуткий сон; light in the head в полубессознательном состоянии light attr. световой; light therapy светолечение; by the light of nature интуитивно light up зажечь свет; в) оживлять(ся), загораться, светиться (о лице, глазах) light up закурить (трубку и т. п.) light пустой; непостоянный, легкомысленный, несерьезный; веселый; light woman женщина легкого поведения; with a light heart весело; с легким сердцем light нетрудный, необременительный, легкий; light work легкая работа; light punishment мягкое наказание to make light (of smth.) относиться несерьезно, небрежно (к чему-л.), не придавать значения (чему-л.) north light (pl) = northern lights north light (pl) = northern lights to put (smth.) in a favourable light представить (что-л.) в выгодном свете ready light вчт. индикатор готовности to see the light выйти из печати to see the light обратиться (в какую-л. веру и т. п.) to see the light понять; убедиться; to stand in (smb.'s) light заслонять свет; перен. мешать, стоять на дороге; to stand in one's own light вредить самому себе to see the light увидеть свет, родиться red light красный свет (сигнал опасности на транспорте и т. п.); to see the red light предчувствовать приближение опасности, беды see: to light scarlet прийти в ярость, в бешенство; to see the red light предчувствовать приближение опасности, беды sense light вчт. световой индикатор signal light вчт. индикаторная лампочка signal light вчт. световая сигнализация signal light сигнальный огонь to see the light понять; убедиться; to stand in (smb.'s) light заслонять свет; перен. мешать, стоять на дороге; to stand in one's own light вредить самому себе to see the light понять; убедиться; to stand in (smb.'s) light заслонять свет; перен. мешать, стоять на дороге; to stand in one's own light вредить самому себе light pl светофор; to stop for the lights останавливаться у светофора; to cross (to drive) against the lights переходить (проезжать) при красном сигнале light огонь; зажженная свеча, лампа, фонарь, фара, маяк; to strike a light зажечь спичку; will you give me a light? позвольте прикурить to throw a new light (upon smth.) представить (что-л.) в ином свете to throw (или to shed) light (upon smth.) проливать свет (на что-л.) light легко; to tread light легко ступать; to travel light путешествовать налегке; to get off light легко отделаться light легко; to tread light легко ступать; to travel light путешествовать налегке; to get off light легко отделаться Verey light = Very light Verey light = Very light Very light воен. сигнальная ракета Вери warning lights вчт. световая сигнализация light (обыкн. pl) сведения, информация; we need more light on the subject нам нужны дополнительные сведения по этому вопросу light огонь; зажженная свеча, лампа, фонарь, фара, маяк; to strike a light зажечь спичку; will you give me a light? позвольте прикурить light пустой; непостоянный, легкомысленный, несерьезный; веселый; light woman женщина легкого поведения; with a light heart весело; с легким сердцем -
17 officer
офицер; должностное лицо; сотрудник; укомплектовывать офицерским составом; командоватьAir officer, Administration, Strike Command — Бр. начальник административного управления командования ВВС в Великобритании
Air officer, Engineering, Strike Command — Бр. начальник инженерно-технического управления командования ВВС в Великобритании
Air officer, Maintenance, RAF Support Command — Бр. начальник управления технического обслуживания командования тыла ВВС
Air officer, Training, RAF Support Command — начальник управления подготовки ЛС командования тыла ВВС
assistant G3 plans officer — помощник начальника оперативного отдела [отделения] по планированию
Flag officer, Germany — командующий ВМС ФРГ
Flag officer, Naval Air Command — Бр. командующий авиацией ВМС
Flag officer, Submarines — Бр. командующий подводными силами ВМС
float an officer (through personnel channels) — направлять личное дело офицера (в различные кадровые инстанции);
General officer Commanding, Royal Marines — Бр. командующий МП
General officer Commanding, the Artillery Division — командир артиллерийской дивизии (БРА)
landing zone (aircraft) control officer — офицер по управлению авиацией в районе десантирования (ВДВ)
officer, responsible for the exercise — офицер, ответственный за учение (ВМС)
Principal Medical officer, Strike Command — Бр. начальник медицинской службы командования ВВС в Великобритании
Senior Air Staff officer, Strike Command — Бр. НШ командования ВВС в Великобритании
senior officer, commando assault unit — Бр. командир штурмового отряда «коммандос»
senior officer, naval assault unit — Бр. командир военно-морского штурмового отряда
senior officer, naval build-up unit — Бр. командир военно-морского отряда наращивания сил десанта
senior officer, present — старший из присутствующих начальников
senior officer, Royal Artillery — Бр. старший начальник артиллерии
senior officer, Royal Engineers — Бр. старший начальник инженерных войск
short service term (commissioned) officer — Бр. офицер, призываемый на кратковременную службу; офицер, проходящий службу по краткосрочному контракту
tactical air officer (afloat) — офицер по управлению ТА поддержки (морского) десанта (на корабле управления)
The Dental officer, US Marine Corps — начальник зубоврачебной службы МП США
The Medical officer, US Marine Corps — начальник медицинской службы МП США
— burial supervising officer— company grade officer— education services officer— field services officer— fire prevention officer— general duty officer— information activities officer— logistics readiness officer— regular commissioned officer— security control officer— supply management officer— transportation officer— water supply officer* * * -
18 agreement
n1) соглашение, договор; контракт2) согласие; договоренность•to abide by the terms of an agreement — соблюдать / выполнять условия соглашения, придерживаться условий соглашения
to adhere to an agreement — выполнять / соблюдать соглашение, придерживаться условий соглашения
to announce a measure of agreement with smb — объявлять о достижении определенной степени согласия / договоренности с кем-л.
to arrive at / to attain an agreement — приходить к соглашению, достигать соглашения
to be in agreement with smb about smth — соглашаться с кем-л. в отношении чего-л.; быть единого мнения с кем-л. о чем-л.
to be in contravention of an agreement — противоречить соглашению / условиям соглашения
to breach / to break an agreement — нарушать соглашение
to enter into an agreement — заключать соглашение / договор
to extend an agreement — продлевать срок действия соглашения, пролонгировать соглашение
to find oneself in full agreement about smth — обнаруживать полное единство взглядов по какому-л. вопросу
to go back on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, отказываться от выполнения соглашения
to leave the agreement in tatters — перен. не оставить камня на камне от соглашения
to observe an agreement — соблюдать соглашение; выполнять условия соглашения
to obstruct progress towards an agreement — препятствовать достижению соглашения; затруднять достижение соглашения
to pave the way towards further agreements — открывать путь к заключению / достижению новых соглашений
to reach agreement on smth — достигать согласия / договариваться по какому-л. вопросу
to renege on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, уклоняться от выполнения соглашения
to repudiate an agreement — отвергать соглашение, отказываться от ранее заключенного соглашения
to review / to revoke an agreement — пересматривать соглашение
to sabotage an agreement — срывать / саботировать выполнение соглашения
to secure an agreement — добиваться соглашения, обеспечивать заключение соглашения
to seek an agreement — 1) добиваться заключения соглашения 2) добиваться согласия / договоренности
to stipulate smth by an agreement — обуславливать что-л. соглашением
to submit an agreement to the government for endorsement — предоставлять текст соглашения на утверждение правительства
to thwart / to torpedo an agreement — срывать выполнение соглашения
- agreement fell flatto wreck an agreement — срывать соглашение, мешать заключению соглашения
- agreement has broken down
- agreement has come into operation
- agreement in force
- agreement in principle
- agreement is effective
- agreement is in danger of collapse
- agreement is in force
- agreement is subject to approval by the General Assembly
- agreement is to come into effect on August 20
- agreement is unlikely to stock
- agreement is up for renewal
- agreement on a framework of withdrawal
- agreement on a partial pullout of troops
- agreement on all points
- agreement on limiting nuclear weapons
- agreement under negotiation
- agreement will hold
- agreement worth $...
- agreements of wages, hours and working conditions
- allied agreements
- arbitration agreement
- architect of an agreement
- armistice agreement
- arms agreement
- arms control agreement
- as a precursor to any kind of an agreement
- as part of the agreement
- avoidance of an agreement
- back-to-work agreement
- barter agreement
- basic agreement
- behind-the-scenes agreement
- bilateral agreement
- binding agreement
- branch agreements
- breach of the peace agreement
- broad agreement
- by mutual agreement
- cartel agreement
- cease-fire agreement
- clearing agreement
- collective agreement
- commercial agreement
- commodity agreement
- compensation agreement
- complete agreement on all major items
- comprehensive agreement
- compromise agreement
- conclusion of an agreement
- consensus agreement
- consular agreement
- contractual agreement
- conventional arms agreement
- cooperation agreement
- credit agreements
- cultural exchange agreement
- currency-credit agreements
- current agreement
- disarmament agreement
- disengagement agreement
- draft agreement
- durable agreement
- duration of an agreement
- economic agreement
- enslaving agreement
- enthralling agreement
- entry of an agreement into force
- equal party to the agreement
- equitable agreement
- executive agreement
- expiration of an agreement
- face-saving agreement
- far-reaching agreement
- fettering agreement
- final agreement
- final print of an agreement
- financial agreement
- foreign investment agreement
- formal agreement
- Four-Power Agreement on West Berlin
- framework agreement
- free trade agreement
- GATT
- General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
- general agreement
- Geneva Agreements
- gentleman's agreement
- historic agreement
- immigration agreement
- impediment to an agreement
- in accordance with the agreement achieved
- in circumvention of the agreement
- in conformity with the terms of agreements
- in contravention of the agreement
- in line with the agreement
- in the absence of a special agreement
- in the wake of the agreement
- inconsistent with the agreement
- indemnification agreement
- inequitable agreement
- INF Agreement
- informal agreement
- initial agreement
- installment agreement
- instalment agreement
- interagency agreement
- interdepartmental agreement
- intergovernmental agreement
- interim agreement
- interlocking set of agreements
- Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement
- international agreement
- international fisheries agreement
- interstate agreement
- labor agreement
- landmark agreement
- large measure of agreement between...
- last-in-first-out redundancy agreement
- last-minute agreement
- lend-lease agreement
- license agreement
- licensing agreement
- long-awaited agreement
- long-term agreement
- major agreement
- marketing agreement
- market-sharing agreement
- measure of agreement between smb
- military agreement
- military-political agreement
- model agreement
- monetary agreement
- multilateral agreement
- multipartite agreement
- multipurpose international agreement
- mutual agreement
- national agreement
- nonaggression agreement
- nonattack agreement
- nonbelligerency agreement
- noncompliance with the agreement
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- no-strike agreement
- observance of the agreement
- on the brink of an agreement
- on the verge of an agreement
- onerous agreement
- on-site monitoring agreement
- outline agreement
- overall agreement
- package agreement
- patent agreement
- payments agreement
- peace agreement
- pending the coming into force of the agreement
- permanent agreement
- personal training agreement
- political agreement
- power-sharing agreement
- preliminary agreement
- procedural agreement
- progress toward a concerted agreement
- progress toward mutually acceptable agreement
- prolongation of an agreement
- prospect of an agreement
- provided by the agreement
- provision of an agreement
- provisional agreement
- quadripartite agreement
- reciprocal agreement
- regional agreement
- repatriation agreement
- safeguards agreement
- scientific and technical cooperation agreement
- search for a generally acceptable agreement
- secret agreement
- separate agreement
- short-term agreement
- show-piece of an agreement
- signs for agreement
- solid agreement
- solvent feature of the agreement
- special agreement
- special service agreement
- specific agreement
- standstill agreement
- starting-point of an agreement
- stipulated by the following article of the agreement
- strike-free agreement
- subject of an agreement
- subject to agreement
- subsidiary agreement
- substantive agreement
- superpower agreement
- tacit agreement
- tariff agreement
- technical agreement
- tentative agreement
- termination of agreement - trade and credit agreement
- trade and economic agreement
- trade-and-payments agreement
- tripartite agreement
- troop-withdrawal agreement
- trusteeship agreement
- umbrella agreement
- under the agreement
- unequal agreement
- unratified agreement
- unspoken agreement
- UN-sponsored agreement
- unwritten agreement
- verbal agreement
- verifiable agreement
- viable agreement
- voluntary price restraint agreement
- wide-ranging agreements
- working agreement
- written agreement
- zero-zero agreement -
19 patch
1. noun1) Stelle, diethere were still patches of snow — es lag vereinzelt od. hier und da noch Schnee
go through or strike a bad/good patch — (Brit.) eine Pech-/Glückssträhne haben
be not a patch on something — (fig. coll.) nichts gegen etwas sein
4) (piece of ground) Stück Land, das2. transitive verbpotato patch — Kartoffelacker, der; (in garden) Kartoffelbeet, das
(apply patch to) flickenPhrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/89864/patch_up">patch up* * *[pæ ] 1. noun1) (a piece of material sewn on to cover a hole: She sewed a patch on the knee of her jeans.) der Flicken2) (a small piece of ground: a vegetable patch.) das Stückchen Land2. verb(to mend (clothes etc) by sewing on pieces of material: She patched the (hole in the) child's trousers.) flicken- patchy- patchiness
- patchwork
- patch up* * *[pætʃ]I. n<pl -es>▪ in \patches stellenweisefog \patch Nebelfeld ntvegetable \patch [kleines] Gemüsebeetto go through a bad [or difficult] [or sticky] [or rough] \patch eine schwere Zeit durchmachen3. BRIT (work area) Bereich m; (sb's territory) Revier nt; of police [Polizei]revier nt; of social worker Bereich m, Bezirk m; of prostitute Revier ntthe north feels like my \patch im Norden fühle ich mich heimischnicotine \patch Nikotinpflaster nt6.II. vt1. (cover)▪ to \patch sth etw flickento \patch a tyre einen Reifen flickenI couldn't \patch my computer into the network ich konnte nicht einloggento \patch a call through to sb's phone einen Anruf zu jdm durchstellen3. (integrate)* * *[ptʃ]1. n2)3) (= small area, stain) Fleck m; (= piece of land) Stück nt; (= subdivision of garden) Beet nt; (= part, section) Stelle f; (of time) Phase f; (inf, of policeman, prostitute) Revier ntpatches of sunlight dappled the floor of the forest — (die) Sonnenstrahlen tanzten auf dem Waldboden
the cabbage patch —
we drove through a few patches of rain on our way here — wir hatten auf dem Weg stellenweise Regen
he's going through a bad or rough patch at the moment — ihm gehts im Augenblick nicht sonderlich gut
4) (= contraceptive) Hormonpflaster ntare you on the patch? — benutzt du ein Hormonpflaster?
2. vtflickenthis piece of cloth will just patch that hole nicely — dieses Stück Stoff ist gerade richtig für das Loch
a new government was hastily patched together — in aller Eile wurde eine neue Regierung zusammengeflickt or -gestückelt
* * *patch [pætʃ]A s1. Fleck m, Flicken m, Stück n Stoff etc, Lappen m:2. MIL etc Tuchabzeichen n3. Schönheitspflästerchen n4. MEDa) (Heft-)Pflaster na patch of beans ein mit Bohnen bepflanztes Stückchen Land6. Stelle f, Abschnitt m (in einem Buch)7. ZOOL etc (Farb)Fleck m:patch of rust Rostfleck, -stelle f8. a) Stück(chen) n, Brocken m:patch of fog Nebelschwaden mb) pl Bruchstücke pl, (etwas) Zusammengestoppeltes umg:in patches stellenweise;strike ( oder have, hit, be in) a bad patch eine Pechsträhne oder kein Glück oder einen schwarzen Tag haben9. IT Direktkorrektur fB v/t1. flicken, (einen) Flicken einsetzen in (akk), ausbessern2. mit Flecken oder Stellen versehen:a hillside patched with grass ein stellenweise mit Gras bewachsener Hügela) ein Auto, einen Verletzten etc zusammenflicken umg, eine Ehe etc kitten umg,b) ein Buch etc zusammenstoppeln umg,c) einen Streit etc beilegen:patch things up sich zusammenraufend) Differenzen etc übertünchen, beschönigen4. ELEKa) (ein)stöpselnb) zusammenschalten* * *1. noun1) Stelle, diethere were still patches of snow — es lag vereinzelt od. hier und da noch Schnee
go through or strike a bad/good patch — (Brit.) eine Pech-/Glückssträhne haben
2) (on worn garment) Flicken, derbe not a patch on something — (fig. coll.) nichts gegen etwas sein
3) (on eye) Augenklappe, die4) (piece of ground) Stück Land, daspotato patch — Kartoffelacker, der; (in garden) Kartoffelbeet, das
5) (area patrolled by police; also fig.) Revier, das2. transitive verb(apply patch to) flickenPhrasal Verbs:- patch up* * *n.(§ pl.: patches)= Flicken - m.Korrektur f. v.ausbessern v.einsetzen v.reparieren v. -
20 program
программа; план; задача; составлять программу [план]; планировать; программировать, задавать программу (напр. ЭВМ)morale, welfare and recreation program — программа мероприятий по бытовому обеспечению, организации отдыха и развлечений
rationalization, standardization and interoperability program — программа рационализации, стандартизации и интероперабельности (оборудования)
telecommunications and C2 program — программа создания систем руководства, управления и (дальней) связи
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